{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T02:37:30Z","timestamp":1768617450166,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ6\/02291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ6\/02291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00051\/U001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00051\/U001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"NAWA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ6\/02291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ6\/02291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"NAWA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00051\/U001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00051\/U001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a \u201cpre-metastatic niche\u201d and in case of endometriosis a \u201cpro-endometriotic niche\u201d. This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T12:06:01Z","timestamp":1651147561000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunosuppressive Extracellular Vesicles as a Linking Factor in the Development of Tumor and Endometriotic Lesions in the Gynecologic Tract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Soroczynska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5211-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2377-4693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Dlugolecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Czystowska-Kuzmicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast","volume":"8","author":"Paget","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Metastatic or Embolic Endometriosis, due to the Menstrual Dissemination of Endometrial Tissue into the Venous Circulation","volume":"3","author":"Sampson","year":"1927","journal-title":"Am. 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