{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:44:34Z","timestamp":1791603874191,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST109-2314-B-037-103-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST109-2314-B-037-103-MY3"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["KMUH110-0R45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH110-0R45"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST109-2314-B-037-103-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST109-2314-B-037-103-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH110-0R45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH110-0R45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and it has a worse prognosis than non-small cell lung cancer. The pathomechanism of IPF is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that repeated microinjuries of epithelial cells induce a wound healing response, during which fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. These activated myofibroblasts express \u03b1 smooth muscle actin and release extracellular matrix to promote matrix deposition and tissue remodeling. Under physiological conditions, the remodeling process stops once wound healing is complete. However, in the lungs of IPF patients, myofibroblasts re-main active and deposit excess extracellular matrix. This leads to the destruction of alveolar tissue, the loss of lung elastic recoil, and a rapid decrease in lung function. Some evidence has indicated that proteasomal inhibition combats fibrosis by inhibiting the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metalloproteinases. However, the mechanisms by which proteasome inhibitors may protect against fibrosis are not known. This review summarizes the current research on proteasome inhibitors for pulmonary fibrosis, and provides a reference for whether proteasome inhibitors have the potential to become new drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T10:49:30Z","timestamp":1651661370000},"page":"1543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Hsien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hsing","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zen-Kong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hau","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hsin","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.08.022","article-title":"Familial pulmonary fibrosis is the strongest risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"105","author":"Navarro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Krishna, R., Chapman, K., and Ullah, S. (2022). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03693-7","article-title":"Emerging cellular and molecular determinants of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"78","author":"Phan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. LifeSci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0402ED","article-title":"Fibroblast-Matrix Cross-Talk in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Cross-Links at the Crossroads","volume":"58","author":"Bitterman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00123","article-title":"Fibroblasts in fibrosis: Novel roles and mediators","volume":"5","author":"Kendall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200906-055JS","article-title":"Proteasomal regulation of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0320OC","article-title":"In vivo investigations on anti-fibrotic potential of proteasome inhibition in lung and skin fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Fineschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s13665-018-0210-7","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A review","volume":"7","author":"Zaman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pulmonol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00154","article-title":"Genetics in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment","volume":"4","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2609","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Fingerlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70045-6","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: A genome-wide association study","volume":"1","author":"Noth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601279","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.601279","article-title":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Elderly Patients: Analysis of the INSIGHTS-IPF Observational Study","volume":"7","author":"Leuschner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70124-9","article-title":"Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An observational cohort study with independent validation","volume":"2","author":"Stuart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snetselaar, R., van Batenburg, A.A., van Oosterhout, M.F.M., Kazemier, K.M., Roothaan, S.M., Peeters, T., van der Vis, J.J., Goldschmeding, R., Grutters, J.C., and van Moorsel, C.H.M. (2017). Short telomere length in IPF lung associates with fibrotic lesions and predicts survival. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189467"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0340OC","article-title":"Male sex hormones exacerbate lung function impairment after bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Voltz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0533","article-title":"The effects of relaxin and estrogen deficiency on collagen deposition and hypertrophy of nonreproductive organs","volume":"147","author":"Lekgabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13871","article-title":"Relation between sex hormones and leucocyte telomere length in men with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0861-5","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta1 targets estrogen receptor signaling in bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntolios, P., Tzilas, V., Bouros, E., Avdoula, E., Karakasiliotis, I., Bouros, D., and Steiropoulos, P. (2021). The Role of Microbiome and Virome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomed., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9040442"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0541OC","article-title":"The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"190","author":"Molyneaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fastr\u00e8s, A., Felice, F., Roles, E., Moermans, C., Corhay, J.L., Bureau, F., Louis, R., Clercx, C., and Guiot, J. (2017). The Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Promising Approach for Targeted Therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122735"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595522","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.595522","article-title":"Role of the Microbiome in Interstitial Lung Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chioma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013660","article-title":"A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"364","author":"Seibold","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00099910","article-title":"Prevalence of hiatal hernia by blinded multidetector CT in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Noth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70105-X","article-title":"Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00067-9","article-title":"Antacid therapy and disease outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A pooled analysis","volume":"4","author":"Kreuter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30301-1","article-title":"Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (WRAP-IPF): A multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"6","author":"Raghu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601934","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01934-2016","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and related comorbidities in incident idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"49","author":"Gille","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60052-4","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"378","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1175","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis: A possible diabetic complication","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-016-0420-x","article-title":"Metformin attenuates lung fibrosis development via NOX4 suppression","volume":"17","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0087-6","article-title":"Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model","volume":"24","author":"Rangarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2633-2640.2003","article-title":"Herpesvirus DNA is consistently detected in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0232OC","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and transforming growth factor-\u03b21 synergistically induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung epithelial cells","volume":"44","author":"Sides","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L451","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00376.2007","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial cell injury with Epstein-Barr virus upregulates TGFbeta1 expression","volume":"295","author":"Malizia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.02.001","article-title":"Roflumilast N-oxide inhibits bronchial epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by cigarette smoke in smokers with COPD","volume":"28","author":"Milara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12149","article-title":"Telomere length loss due to smoking and metabolic traits","volume":"275","author":"Huzen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L721","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00410.2011","article-title":"Emerging evidence for endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"302","author":"Tanjore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-206458","article-title":"General mechanisms of nicotine-induced fibrogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEBJ: Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)82017-6","article-title":"Risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in metal workers","volume":"355","author":"Hubbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.3.8087336","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Epidemiologic approaches to occupational exposure","volume":"150","author":"Iwai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0121TR","article-title":"Immune Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"55","author":"Kolahian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"219","article-title":"Role of Microbial Agents in Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"90","author":"Chioma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00118","article-title":"Exploring Animal Models That Resemble Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31821aa000","article-title":"Progress toward improving animal models for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"341","author":"Degryse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0542MA","article-title":"Persistent, Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis and Epithelial Remodeling in Mice","volume":"64","author":"Redente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L442","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00026.2010","article-title":"Repetitive intratracheal bleomycin models several features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Degryse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0730","article-title":"Irreversibility of Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.08.001","article-title":"Myofibroblast transdifferentiation: The dark force in ocular wound healing and fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Shu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1497OC","article-title":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-N13 Promotes Myofibroblast Resistance to Apoptosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"198","author":"Bamberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.022","article-title":"Nrf2 regulates hyperoxia-induced Nox4 expression in human lung endothelium: Identification of functional antioxidant response elements on the Nox4 promoter","volume":"50","author":"Pendyala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141618","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141618","article-title":"Loss of Fas signaling in fibroblasts impairs homeostatic fibrosis resolution and promotes persistent pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Redente","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900100","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00100-2019","article-title":"Vascular permeability in the fibrotic lung","volume":"56","author":"Probst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13196","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13196","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction in aged mice contributes to persistent lung fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Caporarello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MB00247E","article-title":"CXCR7 attenuates the TGF-\u03b2-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1452696","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative View in Metabolism","volume":"2020","author":"Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213064","article-title":"PGC1\u03b1 repression in IPF fibroblasts drives a pathologic metabolic, secretory and fibrogenic state","volume":"74","author":"Caporarello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118247","article-title":"PINK1: The guard of mitochondria","volume":"259","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.604603","article-title":"The essential autophagy gene ATG7 modulates organ fibrosis via regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"290","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753466619890538","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466619890538","article-title":"Autophagy and pulmonary disease","volume":"13","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aspal, M., and Zemans, R.L. (2020). Mechanisms of ATII-to-ATI Cell Differentiation during Lung Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093188"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2103676","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103676","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions Enhance Therapeutic siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183205","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with tight junction protein alterations","volume":"1862","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.027","article-title":"Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Caused by Elevated Mechanical Tension on Alveolar Stem Cells","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.66.032102.135749","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing lung","volume":"66","author":"Shannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200601-003TK","article-title":"Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: From innocent targets to serial killers","volume":"3","author":"Selman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadjicharalambous, M.R., and Lindsay, M.A. (2020). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathogenesis and the Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020524"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20171301","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171301","article-title":"Potential contribution of alveolar epithelial type I cells to pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"37","author":"Kasper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00173","article-title":"The epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Breaking the barrier","volume":"4","author":"Camelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L117","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00218.2009","article-title":"Role of cholesterol in the biophysical dysfunction of surfactant in ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"298","author":"Vockeroth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3563","article-title":"Deranged fatty acid composition causes pulmonary fibrosis in Elovl6-deficient mice","volume":"4","author":"Sunaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0340OC","article-title":"Lipid Synthesis Is Required to Resolve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Limit Fibrotic Responses in the Lung","volume":"59","author":"Romero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2410OC","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Lung Provides Insights into the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"199","author":"Reyfman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-019-9583-9","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of the effects of aging on alveolar stem cells","volume":"62","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-017-0005-4","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 in stem cells and tissue homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"213","article-title":"Epithelial cell alpha3beta1 integrin links beta-catenin and Smad signaling to promote myofibroblast formation and pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120283","article-title":"Molecular pathways and role of epigenetics in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"291","author":"Velagacherla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5363","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901719RR","article-title":"IPF pathogenesis is dependent upon TGF\u03b2 induction of IGF-1","volume":"34","author":"Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J: Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12568","article-title":"Transient expression of IL-1beta induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"107","author":"Kolb","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0309OC","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta causes pulmonary inflammation, emphysema, and airway remodeling in the adult murine lung","volume":"32","author":"Lappalainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092121","article-title":"Bleomycin and IL-1beta-mediated pulmonary fibrosis is IL-17A dependent","volume":"207","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1948","article-title":"Baseline BAL neutrophilia predicts early mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"133","author":"Kinder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230538","article-title":"Interferon gamma decreases hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix deposition in rat liver fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Baroni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7325","article-title":"An IL-13 inhibitor blocks the development of hepatic fibrosis during a T-helper type 2-dominated inflammatory response","volume":"104","author":"Chiaramonte","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.015","article-title":"Inflammation and immunity in IPF pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"147","author":"Heukels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170047","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0047-2017","article-title":"Severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: What can be done?","volume":"26","author":"Caminati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir.Rev.: Off. J. Eur. Respir. Soc."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1153","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1153","article-title":"The contribution of animal models to understanding the role of the immune system in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Miles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.27.2.4674","article-title":"Differences in the fibrogenic response after transfer of active transforming growth factor-beta1 gene to lungs of \u201cfibrosis-prone\u201d and \u201cfibrosis-resistant\u201d mouse strains","volume":"27","author":"Kolb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.07.062","article-title":"Therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"131","author":"Kolb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1740","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.04.62","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy and adjunctive treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)","volume":"11","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170057","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0057-2017","article-title":"Pirfenidone safety and adverse event management in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"26","author":"Lancaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir.Rev.: Off. J. Eur. Respir. Soc."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00011514","article-title":"Long-term clinical and real-world experience with pirfenidone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Cottin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir.Rev.: Off. J. Eur. Respir. Soc."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0276-5","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and appropriate use of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Corte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00174914","article-title":"Mode of action of nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Wollin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"797","article-title":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"379","author":"Lederer","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48593-4","article-title":"Gastrointestinal adverse effects of nintedanib and the associated risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-018-0467-9","article-title":"Effects of Ketoconazole and Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Nintedanib in Healthy Subjects","volume":"43","author":"Luedtke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.02.001","article-title":"Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS(\u00ae) trials","volume":"113","author":"Richeldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30326-5","article-title":"Effect of pirfenidone on mortality: Pooled analyses and meta-analyses of clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Nathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grze\u015bk, G., Wo\u017aniak-Wi\u015bniewska, A., B\u0142a\u017cejewski, J., G\u00f3rny, B., Wo\u0142owiec, \u0141., Rogowicz, D., and Nowaczyk, A. (2020). The Interactions of Nintedanib and Oral Anticoagulants-Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010282"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801060","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01060-2018","article-title":"No relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between nintedanib and pirfenidone","volume":"53","author":"Richeldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00198013","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of nintedanib and pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Ogura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2006.11.001","article-title":"The proteasome as a potential target for novel anticancer drugs and chemosensitizers","volume":"9","author":"Milacic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates: Rev. Comment. Antimicrob. Anticancer. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.04.008","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors","volume":"96","author":"Teicher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semren, N., Habel-Ungewitter, N.C., Fernandez, I.E., K\u00f6nigshoff, M., Eickelberg, O., St\u00f6ger, T., and Meiners, S. (2015). Validation of the 2nd Generation Proteasome Inhibitor Oprozomib for Local Therapy of Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136188"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). Fricker LD: Proteasome Inhibitor Drugs. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 60, 457\u2013476.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023603"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-10-0368","article-title":"Bortezomib induces nuclear translocation of I\u03baB\u03b1 resulting in gene-specific suppression of NF-\u03baB--dependent transcription and induction of apoptosis in CTCL","volume":"9","author":"Juvekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"1365","article-title":"Impact of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on expression of NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2 and histological remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"2951","article-title":"PDK1 inhibitor GSK2334470 synergizes with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 in multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting full AKT activity and increasing nuclear accumulation of the PTEN protein","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000142772.71367.65","article-title":"Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and collagens and suppression of cardiac fibrosis by inhibition of the proteasome","volume":"44","author":"Meiners","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"2953","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibits the process of renal interstitial fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050499","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ Are Mechanoregulators of TGF-\u03b2-Smad Signaling and Renal Fibrogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Szeto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc.Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L852","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00324.2019","article-title":"TBK1 regulates YAP\/TAZ and fibrogenic fibroblast activation","volume":"318","author":"Aravamudhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0781","article-title":"Approval summary for bortezomib for injection in the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Bross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.01.133","article-title":"Phase I trial of the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies","volume":"20","author":"Orlowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin.Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9707-8","article-title":"The proteasome and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"999","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors","volume":"31","author":"Hatake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61272","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"122","author":"Jares","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.09.004","article-title":"The effect of Bortezomib and Rapamycin on Telomerase Activity in Mantle Cell Lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Uziel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17078","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M701742200","article-title":"Inhibiting proteasomal degradation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein prevents CCl4-induced steatosis","volume":"282","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-054502","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib impairs both myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis induced by high thrombopoietin levels in mice","volume":"110","author":"Pisani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200717","article-title":"Proteasomal inhibition after injury prevents fibrosis by modulating TGF-\u03b2(1) signalling","volume":"67","author":"Mutlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0112OC","article-title":"Bortezomib Inhibits Lung Fibrosis and Fibroblast Activation without Proteasome Inhibition","volume":"66","author":"Penke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2013.10.018","article-title":"New orally active proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma","volume":"38","author":"Allegra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00980-5","article-title":"Emerging agents and regimens for multiple myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fang, Y., Fan, R.A., and Kirk, C.J. (2021). Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111595"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2754","article-title":"The proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib functions independently of p53 to induce cytotoxicity and an atypical NF-\u03baB response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4906","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-276626","article-title":"A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 triggers in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma","volume":"116","author":"Chauhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2766","article-title":"Evaluation of the proteasome inhibitor MLN9708 in preclinical models of human cancer","volume":"70","author":"Kupperman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1021\/jm7010589","article-title":"Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally active proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of cancer","volume":"51","author":"Dorsey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.42705","article-title":"Marizomib suppresses triple-negative breast cancer via proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition","volume":"10","author":"Raninga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2018.03.002","article-title":"Next-generation proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy","volume":"198","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl.Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.206","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"14","author":"Manasanch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14113","article-title":"Marizomib irreversibly inhibits proteasome to overcome compensatory hyperactivation in multiple myeloma and solid tumour patients","volume":"174","author":"Levin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.10.013","article-title":"A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells with mechanisms distinct from Bortezomib","volume":"8","author":"Chauhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.Y., Shih, Y.H., Shieh, T.M., and Tseng, Y.H. (2021). Proteasome Inhibitors Interrupt the Activation of Non-Canonical NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway and Induce Cell Apoptosis in Cytarabine-Resistant HL60 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010361"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"873","article-title":"Proteasome Inhibitors Decrease the Viability of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Restoring Mitofusin-2 Expression under Hypoxic Conditions","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-120018236","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"21","author":"Visovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Investig."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2014). Areti A, Yerra VG, Naidu V, Kumar A: Oxidative stress and nerve damage: Role in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. Redox Biol., 2, 289\u2013295.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.01.006"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.007","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy: Treatment regimen and peripheral neuropathy as a side effect","volume":"103","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.02.001","article-title":"Neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic proteasome inhibitors","volume":"43","author":"Bruna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20111","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors: Poisons and remedies","volume":"28","author":"Meiners","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14987","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial evaluating marizomib, pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (NPI-0052-107): Final study results","volume":"180","author":"Spencer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49020-4","article-title":"Proteasome dysfunction in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Sitaraman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139519","article-title":"Contributions of alveolar epithelial cell quality control to pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"130","author":"Katzen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/9\/1543\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:06:07Z","timestamp":1760137567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/9\/1543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11091543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11091543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]}}}