{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:36:50Z","timestamp":1792024610274,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departmental Funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity has been steadily increasing over the past decade in the US and worldwide. Since 1975, the prevalence of obesity has increased by 2% per decade, unabated despite new and more stringent guidelines set by WHO, CDC, and other public health organizations. Likewise, maternal obesity has also increased worldwide over the past several years. In the United States, pre-pregnancy rates have increased proportionally across all racial groups. Obesity during pregnancy has been directly linked to obstetric complications including gestational diabetes, HTN, hematomas, pre-eclampsia, and congenital defects. In the particular case of pre-eclampsia, the incidence rate across the globe is 2.16%, but the condition accounts for 30% of maternal deaths, and a robust body of evidence underscored the relationship between obesity and pre-eclampsia. More recently, attention has focused on the identification of reliable biomarkers predictive of an elevated risk for pre-eclampsia. The aim of this literature review is to elucidate the relationship between obesity and these predictive biomarkers for future prediction and prevention of pre-eclampsia condition in women at risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T13:10:26Z","timestamp":1651756226000},"page":"1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Relationship between Obesity and Pre-Eclampsia: Incidental Risks and Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Pre-Eclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Talitha","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M. P.","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants","volume":"387","author":"Damsgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.02.015","article-title":"Is obesity still increasing among pregnant women? Prepregnancy obesity trends in 20 states, 2003\u20132009","volume":"56","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.273","article-title":"The Obesity Pandemic: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?","volume":"12","author":"Roth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2020, October 30). Facts on Obesity. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/facts-in-pictures\/detail\/6-facts-on-obesity."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2020, October 30). Obesity, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1723","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity among US Adults, 1999\u20132000","volume":"288","author":"Flegal","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2022, April 10). Overweight and Obesity: A Major Public Health Issue, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK44210\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00511.x","article-title":"The impact of maternal BMI status on pregnancy outcomes with immediate short-term obstetric resource implications: A meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Heslehurst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.044","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of stillbirth: A population-based cohort study","volume":"210","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Afshin, A., Forouzanfar, M.H., Reitsma, M.B., Sur, P., Estep, K., Lee, A., Marczak, L., Mokdad, A.H., and Moradi-Lakeh, M. (2017). Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N. Engl. J. Med., 377, 13\u201327.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.019","article-title":"Incidence of pre-eclampsia: Risk factors and outcomes associated with early-versus late-onset diease","volume":"209","author":"Lisonkova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12677","article-title":"Maternal obesity and excess of fetal growth in pre-eclampsia","volume":"121","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02593.x","article-title":"Super-obesity and risk for early and late pre-eclampsia","volume":"117","author":"Mbah","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000254119.99660.e7","article-title":"Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and the Occurrence of Severe Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.12.008","article-title":"The risk of pre-eclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index","volume":"15","author":"Bodnar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12629","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: A secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health","volume":"121","author":"Abalos","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0119-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: Pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies","volume":"15","author":"Phipps","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-120021066","article-title":"Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in the United States","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000152912.02042.cd","article-title":"Long-Term Mortality After Preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Funai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahabi, H.A., Fayed, A.A., Alzeidan, R.A., and Mandil, A.A. (2014). The independent effects of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes on the pregnancy outcomes. BMC Endocr. Disord., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-47"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mrema, D., Lie, R.T., \u00d8stbye, T., Mahande, M.J., and Daltveit, A.K. (2018). The association between pre pregnancy body mass index and risk of preeclampsia: A registry based study from Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1687-3"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.175","article-title":"Maternal Body Mass Index, Height, and Risks of Preeclampsia","volume":"25","author":"Sohlberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dantas, E.M.D.M., Pereira, F.V.M., Queiroz, J.W., Dantas, D.L.D.M., Monteiro, G.R.G., Duggal, P., Azevedo, M.D.F., Jeronimo, S.M.B., and Ara\u00fajo, A.C.P.F. (2013). Preeclampsia is associated with increased maternal body weight in a northeastern Brazilian population. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-159"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, P., Liu, A., and Yin, X. (2021). Association between gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03982-4"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Qiu, J., Huang, H., Mao, B., Dai, W., He, X., Cui, H., Lin, X., Lv, L., and Wang, D. (2017). Pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and risk of preeclampsia: A birth cohort study in Lanzhou, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1567-2"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endeshaw, M., Abebe, F., Worku, S., Menber, L., Assress, M., and Assefa, M. (2016). Obesity in young age is a risk factor for preeclampsia: A facility based case-control study, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1029-2"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meander, L., Lindqvist, M., Mogren, I., Sandlund, J., West, C.E., and Domell\u00f6f, M. (2021). Physical activity and sedentary time during pregnancy and associations with maternal and fetal health outcomes: An epidemiological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03627-6"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.61","article-title":"Maternal sugar consumption and risk of pre-eclampsia in nulliparous Norwegian women","volume":"66","author":"Borgen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.102475","article-title":"Prepregnancy dietary patterns and risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women\u2019s Health","volume":"102","author":"Schoenaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.116687","article-title":"High intake of energy, sucrose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia","volume":"185","author":"Clausen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018002616","article-title":"Maternal dietary patterns and risk of adverse pregnancy (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus) and birth (preterm birth and low birth weight) outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Kibret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., and Mishra, G.D. (2014). The association between dietary factors and gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0157-7"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15593","article-title":"Dietary patterns and the risk of pregnancy-associated hypertension in the Danish National Birth Cohort: A prospective longitudinal study","volume":"126","author":"Ikem","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Darling, A.M., McDonald, C.R., Perumal, N., Liu, E., Wang, M., Aboud, S., Urassa, W., Conroy, A.L., and Hayford, K.T. (2021). Plasma concentrations of leptin at mid-pregnancy are associated with gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04146-0"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-124","article-title":"Serum leptin levels in relation to circulating cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and angiogenic factors in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Molvarec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-020-00152-0","article-title":"Serum adipocytokines and adiposity as predictive indices of preeclampsia","volume":"26","author":"Bawah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801976012","article-title":"Serum visfatin levels in late pregnancy and pre-eclampsia","volume":"87","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.17816\/JOWD64108","article-title":"Evaluation of sFlt-1 and PlGF for predicting pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus","volume":"70","author":"Kapustin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Women\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2744-2","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of sFlt1\/PlGF ratio as a marker for preeclampsia","volume":"20","author":"Nikuei","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms011","article-title":"The vascular endothelial growth factor family in adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Andraweera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0480-z","article-title":"Oxidative profiles of LDL and HDL isolated from women with preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Hicks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/reprodmed2010005","article-title":"Maternal Serum Inhibin-A Augments the Value of Maternal Serum PlGF and of sFlt-1\/PlGF Ratio in the Prediction of Preeclampsia and\/or FGR Near Delivery\u2014A Secondary Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kumer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/reprodmed2010003","article-title":"Pro- and Anti-Angiogenic Markers as Clinical Tools for Suspected Preeclampsia with and without FGR near Delivery\u2014A Secondary Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kumer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawkins, M., Braun, B., Marcus, B.H., Stanek, E., Markenson, G., and Chasan-Taber, L. (2015). The impact of an exercise intervention on C\u2014Reactive protein during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0576-2"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103284","article-title":"A possible role for HLA-G in development of uteroplacental acute atherosis in preeclampsia","volume":"144","author":"Johnsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture","volume":"33","author":"Hruby","year":"2015","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200512000-00005","article-title":"Fat as an Endocrine Organ: Relationship to the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"330","author":"Hutley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"856","article-title":"The pathophysiology of obesity and its clinical manifestations","volume":"3","author":"Redinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1025","article-title":"PPARs and the complex journey to obesity","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095843","article-title":"FAT CELLS: Afferent and Efferent Messages Define New Approaches to Treat Obesity","volume":"45","author":"Lafontan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"467","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"7","author":"Uzan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.02.010","article-title":"The Global Impact of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Duley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00491-9","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition suppresses implantation and decreases cGMP concentration and protein peroxidation","volume":"65","year":"1999","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016248","article-title":"Endothelial Dysfunction in Preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_2.59","article-title":"Invasive cytotrophoblast apoptosis in pre-eclampsia","volume":"14","author":"Genbacev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70134-2","article-title":"Expression of the nonclassic histocompatibility antigen HLA-G by preeclamptic placenta","volume":"170","author":"Colbern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7292.949","article-title":"Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: Longitudinal study","volume":"322","author":"Eriksson","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17987-2","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"365","author":"Sibai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.045120","article-title":"Leptin in Pregnancy: An Update1","volume":"74","author":"Henson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0359","article-title":"The role of C-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker in gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"2","author":"Vermeire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.853127","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia, a disease of the maternal endothelium the role of antiangiogenic factors and implications for later cardiovascular disease","volume":"123","author":"Powe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10705","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10705","article-title":"Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor","volume":"90","author":"Kendall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008","article-title":"The Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertesion in Pregnancy Classification, Diagnosis & Management Recommendations for International Practice","volume":"27","author":"Magee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101861","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in the dysfunction of the placental endothelial nitric oxide synthase in pre-eclampsia","volume":"40","author":"Guerby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Red. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590500128716","article-title":"Abnormal inhibin A and inhibin B secretion in obese women with and without insulin resistance","volume":"21","author":"Auge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2018.1493606","article-title":"Physiological role of adiponectin in different tissues: A review","volume":"126","author":"Esmaili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"106","article-title":"The role of adiponectin in placentation and pre-eclampsia","volume":"38","author":"Fondjo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/9\/1548\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1760137575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/9\/1548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11091548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11091548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]}}}