{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:30:38Z","timestamp":1783384238965,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Teva","award":["K119597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K119597"]}]},{"name":"Johannes and Frieda Marohn Foundation","award":["K119597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K119597"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monoclonal antibodies directed against the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) belong to a new generation of therapeutics that are effective in the prevention of migraine. CGRP, a potent vasodilator, is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, but its role remains to be fully elucidated. The hemisected rat head preparation and laser Doppler flowmetry were used to examine the effects on CGRP release from the dura mater and meningeal blood flow of the subcutaneously injected anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody fremanezumab at 30 mg\/kg, when compared to an isotype control antibody. Some rats were administered glycerol trinitrate (GTN) intraperitoneally to produce a migraine-like sensitized state. When compared to the control antibody, the fremanezumab injection was followed by reduced basal and capsaicin-evoked CGRP release from day 3 up to 30 days. The difference was enhanced after 4 h of GTN application. The samples from the female rats showed a higher CGRP release compared to that of the males. The increases in meningeal blood flow induced by acrolein (100 \u00b5M) and capsaicin (100 nM) were reduced 13\u201320 days after the fremanezumab injection, and the direct vasoconstrictor effect of high capsaicin (10 \u00b5M) was intensified. In conclusion, fremanezumab lowers the CGRP release and lasts up to four weeks, thereby lowering the CGRP-dependent meningeal blood flow. The antibody may not only prevent the released CGRP from binding but may also influence the CGRP release stimulated by noxious agents relevant for the generation of migraine pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1653814251000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Dux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Vogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054 Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054 Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly D.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-3860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Messlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054 Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1994.1405320.x","article-title":"Neuropeptides in Migraine and Cluster Headache","volume":"14","author":"Edvinsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Int. 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