{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:48:44Z","timestamp":1790516924899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M029379\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M029379\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P025811\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P025811\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ\/115\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ\/115\/1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P300PA_ 154614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PA_ 154614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011856","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M029379\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M029379\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011856","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P025811\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P025811\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011856","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ\/115\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011856","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ\/115\/1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011856","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P300PA_ 154614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PA_ 154614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The German Research Council","award":["BB\/M029379\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M029379\/1"]}]},{"name":"The German Research Council","award":["MR\/P025811\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P025811\/1"]}]},{"name":"The German Research Council","award":["AZ\/115\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"The German Research Council","award":["AZ\/115\/1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-3"]}]},{"name":"The German Research Council","award":["P300PA_ 154614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PA_ 154614"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Funds","award":["BB\/M029379\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M029379\/1"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Funds","award":["MR\/P025811\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P025811\/1"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Funds","award":["AZ\/115\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Funds","award":["AZ\/115\/1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\/115\/1-3"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Funds","award":["P300PA_ 154614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PA_ 154614"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest and most active germinal zone in the adult forebrain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the SVZ generate olfactory interneurons throughout life and retain the intrinsic ability to generate oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. OLs and myelin are targets in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination is dependent on the ability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to proliferate, migrate, and terminally differentiate into myelinating OLs. During aging, there is a gradual decrease in the regenerative capacity of OPCs, and the consequent loss of OLs and myelin is a contributing factor in cognitive decline and the failure of remyelination in MS and other pathologies with aging contexts, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and stroke. The age-related decrease in oligodendrogenesis has not been fully characterised but is known to reflect changes in intrinsic and environmental factors affecting the ability of OPCs to respond to pro-differentiation stimuli. Notably, SVZ-derived OPCs are an important source of remyelinating OLs in addition to parenchymal OPCs. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss differences between SVZ-derived and parenchymal OPCs in their responses to demyelination and highlight challenges associated with their study in vivo and how they can be targeted for regenerative therapies in the aged brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T03:33:18Z","timestamp":1654054398000},"page":"1809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Targeting the Subventricular Zone to Promote Myelin Repair in the Aging Brain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Morgan","family":"Butt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael\u2019s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Dominico","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael\u2019s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK"},{"name":"Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5712-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasum","family":"Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2018","article-title":"Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology","volume":"99","author":"Stadelmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0120-6","article-title":"Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain","volume":"21","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838007","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.838007","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Pathway in the Age-Related Decline of Oligodendrocyte Regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Rivera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9913-8_5","article-title":"Physiology of Oligodendroglia","volume":"1175","author":"Butt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.344218.120","article-title":"Cell of all trades: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in synaptic, vascular, and immune function","volume":"35","author":"Akay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23617","article-title":"Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non-synaptic?","volume":"67","author":"Kula","year":"2019","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.015","article-title":"Metformin Restores CNS Remyelination Capacity by Rejuvenating Aged Stem Cells","volume":"25","author":"Neumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem. Cell"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-021-02544-z","article-title":"Keeping the ageing brain wired: A role for purine signalling in regulating cellular metabolism in oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"473","author":"Rivera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575082","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.575082","article-title":"Accelerated Dystrophy and Decay of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in the APP\/PS1 Model of Alzheimer\u2019s-Like Pathology","volume":"14","author":"Fryatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.016","article-title":"Disruption of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is an early sign of pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"94","author":"Vanzulli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23721","article-title":"NG2 glia are required for maintaining microglia homeostatic state","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00107","article-title":"Mosaic Subventricular Origins of Forebrain Oligodendrogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Azim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"145","article-title":"Oligodendrogenesis in the normal and pathological central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Macchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2102274","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202102274","article-title":"In Vivo Clonal Analysis Reveals Development Heterogeneity of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Derived from Distinct Germinal Zones","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.08.013","article-title":"A Dorsal SHH-Dependent Domain in the V-SVZ Produces Large Numbers of Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells in the Postnatal Brain","volume":"5","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1620","article-title":"Competing waves of oligodendrocytes in the forebrain and postnatal elimination of an embryonic lineage","volume":"9","author":"Kessaris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2017","article-title":"Transcriptional Hallmarks of Heterogeneous Neural Stem Cell Niches of the Subventricular Zone","volume":"33","author":"Azim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem. Cells"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22641","article-title":"GSK3beta regulates oligodendrogenesis in the dorsal microdomain of the subventricular zone via Wnt-beta-catenin signaling","volume":"62","author":"Azim","year":"2014","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10140","article-title":"Early oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the human fetal telencephalon","volume":"41","author":"Rakic","year":"2003","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.05.005.2009","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte development and the onset of myelination in the human fetal brain","volume":"3","author":"Jakovcevski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1822169116","article-title":"Gliogenesis in the outer subventricular zone promotes enlargement and gyrification of the primate cerebrum","volume":"116","author":"Rash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108788","article-title":"Heterogeneity of glial progenitor cells during the neurogenesis-to-gliogenesis switch in the developing human cerebral cortex","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs085","article-title":"Early decline in progenitor diversity in the marmoset lateral ventricle","volume":"23","author":"Azim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azim, K., Angonin, D., Marcy, G., Pieropan, F., Rivera, A., Donega, V., Cantu, C., Williams, G., Berninger, B., and Butt, A.M. (2017). Pharmacogenomic identification of small molecules for lineage specific manipulation of subventricular zone germinal activity. PLoS Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000698"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22413","article-title":"Intraventricular injection of FGF-2 promotes generation of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells in the postnatal and adult forebrain","volume":"60","author":"Azim","year":"2012","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.05.006","article-title":"Transient Redirection of SVZ Stem Cells to Oligodendrogenesis by FGFR3 Activation Promotes Remyelination","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Embalabala, R.J., Brockman, A.A., Jurewicz, A.R., Kong, J.A., Ryan, K., Guinto, C.D., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Chiang, C., and Ihrie, R.A. (2022). GLI3 is Required for OLIG2+ Progeny Production in Adult Dorsal Neural Stem Cells. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020218"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56156-w","article-title":"Gender-specific effects of transthyretin on neural stem cell fate in the subventricular zone of the adult mouse","volume":"9","author":"Vancamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.088","article-title":"Increasing Neural Stem Cell Division Asymmetry and Quiescence Are Predicted to Contribute to the Age-Related Decline in Neurogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Bast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3963","article-title":"Fast clonal expansion and limited neural stem cell self-renewal in the adult subependymal zone","volume":"18","author":"Calzolari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1362-5","article-title":"Single-cell analysis reveals T cell infiltration in old neurogenic niches","volume":"571","author":"Dulken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.040","article-title":"Quiescence Modulates Stem Cell Maintenance and Regenerative Capacity in the Aging Brain","volume":"176","author":"Kalamakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108022","article-title":"Single-Cell Profiling Shows Murine Forebrain Neural Stem Cells Reacquire a Developmental State when Activated for Adult Neurogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Borrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7649","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1027-09.2009","article-title":"Beta4 tubulin identifies a primitive cell source for oligodendrocytes in the mammalian brain","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20243","article-title":"Adult human subventricular, subgranular, and subpial zones contain astrocytes with a specialized intermediate filament cytoskeleton","volume":"52","author":"Roelofs","year":"2005","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00556.x","article-title":"Longterm quiescent cells in the aged human subventricular neurogenic system specifically express GFAP-delta","volume":"9","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0736-0","article-title":"Transcriptome and proteome profiling of neural stem cells from the human subventricular zone in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Donega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28626-9","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of human subventricular zone progenitors identifies SFRP1 as a target to re-activate progenitors","volume":"13","author":"Donega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108394","article-title":"Demyelination Regulates the Circadian Transcription Factor BMAL1 to Signal Adult Neural Stem Cells to Initiate Oligodendrogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604865","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.604865","article-title":"Myelin Repair: From Animal Models to Humans","volume":"15","author":"Cayre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0903-2","article-title":"Altered human oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"566","author":"Agirre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0236-y","article-title":"Disease-specific oligodendrocyte lineage cells arise in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Falcao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl217","article-title":"Remyelination is extensive in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"129","author":"Patrikios","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00805.x","article-title":"Remyelination can be extensive in multiple sclerosis despite a long disease course","volume":"33","author":"Patani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0842-3","article-title":"Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"566","author":"Yeung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13335","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13335","article-title":"Functional genomic analyses highlight a shift in Gpr17-regulated cellular processes in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and underlying myelin dysregulation in the aged mouse cerebrum","volume":"20","author":"Rivera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1552-1","article-title":"Author Correction: Niche stiffness underlies the ageing of central nervous system progenitor cells","volume":"573","author":"Segel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.069","article-title":"Developmental Origin of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Determines Response to Demyelination and Susceptibility to Age-Associated Functional Decline","volume":"15","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14128","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3491-13.2014","article-title":"Adult neural precursor cells from the subventricular zone contribute significantly to oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination","volume":"34","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.012773","article-title":"Region and dynamic specificities of adult neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursors in myelin regeneration in the mouse brain","volume":"4","author":"Brousse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.05.002","article-title":"Endogenous neural stem cells modulate microglia and protect against demyelination","volume":"16","author":"Brousse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.01.007","article-title":"Subependymal Zone-Derived Oligodendroblasts Respond to Focal Demyelination but Fail to Generate Myelin in Young and Aged Mice","volume":"8","author":"Kazanis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn198","article-title":"Persistent inflammation alters the function of the endogenous brain stem cell compartment","volume":"131","author":"Pluchino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22299","article-title":"Reversible neural stem cell niche dysfunction in a model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4211","article-title":"Neural stem cells sustain natural killer cells that dictate recovery from brain inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.338995","article-title":"Resolving the age-related decline in central nervous system myelin turnover and drug discovery for oligodendroglial rejuvenation","volume":"17","author":"Rivera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4089","article-title":"Adult brain retains the potential to generate oligodendroglial progenitors with extensive myelination capacity","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112436","article-title":"Drug connectivity mapping and functional analysis reveal therapeutic small molecules that differentially modulate myelination","volume":"145","author":"Rivera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. = Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606835104","article-title":"Activation of the subventricular zone in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for early glial progenitors","volume":"104","author":"Kerninon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.021","article-title":"Stage-specific changes in neurogenic and glial markers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"77","author":"Ekonomou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.12.009","article-title":"iPSC-derived myelinoids to study myelin biology of humans","volume":"57","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/11\/1809\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:22:58Z","timestamp":1760138578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/11\/1809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11111809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11111809","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]}}}