{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:12:31Z","timestamp":1771647151258,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Donor Transplant Research Program (CDTRP)-Research Innovation Grant","award":["#2021-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021-001"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Donor Transplant Research Program (CDTRP)-Research Innovation Grant","award":["ORF-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-8"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Donor Transplant Research Program (CDTRP)-Research Innovation Grant","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012171","name":"Ontario Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#2021-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012171","name":"Ontario Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ORF-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012171","name":"Ontario Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of Canada\u2019s New Frontiers in Research Fund","award":["#2021-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021-001"]}]},{"name":"Government of Canada\u2019s New Frontiers in Research Fund","award":["ORF-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-8"]}]},{"name":"Government of Canada\u2019s New Frontiers in Research Fund","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regenerative medicine requires better pre-clinical tools in order to increase the efficiency of novel therapies transitioning to the clinic. Current monolayer cell culture methods are suboptimal for effectively testing new therapies and live mouse models are expensive, time consuming and require invasive procedures. Fetal organ culture, organoids, microfluidics and culture of thick sections of adult organs all aim to fill the knowledge gap between monolayer culture and live mouse studies. Here we report on an ex vivo organ perfusion system that can support whole adult mouse organs. Ex vivo perfusion of healthy and diseased mouse organs allows for real-time analysis that provides immediate feedback and accurate data collection throughout the experiment. Having a suitable normothermic ex vivo perfusion system for mouse organs provides a tool that will help contribute to our understanding of kidney physiology and disease and can take advantage of the many mouse models of human disease that already exist. Furthermore, an ex vivo kidney perfusion system can be used for testing novel cell therapies, drug screening, drug validation and for the detection of nephrotoxic substances. Critical to the success of mouse ex vivo organ perfusion is having a suitable bioreactor to maintain the organ. Here we have focused on the mouse kidney and mathematically modeled, built and validated a bioreactor that can maintain a kidney for 7 days. The long duration of the ex vivo perfusion will help to advance studies on kidney disease and can rapidly test for new regenerative medicine therapies compared to whole animal studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"1822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ex Vivo Perfusion Using a Mathematical Modeled, Controlled Gas Exchange Self-Contained Bioreactor Can Maintain a Mouse Kidney for Seven Days"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Castillo-Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinzhu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4522-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mazilescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Selzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.06.001","article-title":"Progress, obstacles, and limitations in the use of stem cells in organ-on-a-chip models","volume":"140","author":"Wnorowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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Nephrol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/cells13080714","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000}}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/11\/1822\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T14:07:50Z","timestamp":1754230070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/11\/1822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11111822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11111822","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/cells13080714","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]}}}