{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:17:03Z","timestamp":1778941023054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","award":["20200404155YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200404155YY"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","award":["20200401091GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200401091GX"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","award":["BQEGCZX2019047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BQEGCZX2019047"]}]},{"name":"foundation of Bethune Center for Medical Engineering and Instrumentation (Changchun)","award":["20200404155YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200404155YY"]}]},{"name":"foundation of Bethune Center for Medical Engineering and Instrumentation (Changchun)","award":["20200401091GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200401091GX"]}]},{"name":"foundation of Bethune Center for Medical Engineering and Instrumentation (Changchun)","award":["BQEGCZX2019047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BQEGCZX2019047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automatic extraction of cerebral vessels and cranial nerves has important clinical value in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, because of the great similarity between different cerebral vessels and between different cranial nerves, it is challenging to segment cerebral vessels and cranial nerves in real time on the basis of true-color microvascular decompression (MVD) images. In this paper, we propose a lightweight, fast semantic segmentation Microvascular Decompression Network (MVDNet) for MVD scenarios which achieves a good trade-off between segmentation accuracy and speed. Specifically, we designed a Light Asymmetric Bottleneck (LAB) module in the encoder to encode context features. A Feature Fusion Module (FFM) was introduced into the decoder to effectively combine high-level semantic features and underlying spatial details. The proposed network has no pretrained model, fewer parameters, and a fast inference speed. Specifically, MVDNet achieved 76.59% mIoU on the MVD test set, has 0.72 M parameters, and has a 137 FPS speed using a single GTX 2080Ti card.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Deep Learning Based Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Cerebral Vessels and Cranial Nerves in Microvascular Decompression Scenes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haijiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39085.614792.BE","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia and its management","volume":"334","author":"Bennetto","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3185-1","article-title":"Reorganization of sensory input at brainstem in hemifacial spasm and postparalytic facial syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Gunduz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. 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