{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:02:57Z","timestamp":1762254177023,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["MOST 110-2314-B-650-004","110-2314-B-037-041-MY3","110-2221-E-110-032-MY3","ECPJ108008","EDCHT109013","ECPJ110010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2314-B-650-004","110-2314-B-037-041-MY3","110-2221-E-110-032-MY3","ECPJ108008","EDCHT109013","ECPJ110010"]}]},{"name":"E-Da Hospital\/E-Da Cancer Hospital","award":["MOST 110-2314-B-650-004","110-2314-B-037-041-MY3","110-2221-E-110-032-MY3","ECPJ108008","EDCHT109013","ECPJ110010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2314-B-650-004","110-2314-B-037-041-MY3","110-2221-E-110-032-MY3","ECPJ108008","EDCHT109013","ECPJ110010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported and spread globally. There is an urgent need to take urgent measures to treat and prevent further infection of this virus. Here, we use virtual drug screening to establish pharmacophore groups and analyze the ACE2 binding site of the spike protein with the ZINC drug database and DrugBank database by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Screening results showed that Venetoclax, a treatment drug for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, has a potential ability to bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, our in vitro study found that Venetoclax degraded the expression of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 through amino acids Q493 and S494 and blocked the interaction with the ACE2 receptor. Our results suggest that Venetoclax is a candidate for clinical prevention and treatment and deserves further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T23:50:14Z","timestamp":1655250614000},"page":"1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Venetoclax Decreases the Expression of the Spike Protein through Amino Acids Q493 and S494 in SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5844-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Jie","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital\/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hsiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital\/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eing-Mei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Hua","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital\/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V (2020). 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