{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:03:36Z","timestamp":1794006216406,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["457664\/2013-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["457664\/2013-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303999\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303999\/2016-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious and acute viral haemorrhagic disease that triggers a cascade of host immune responses. We investigated the Th17 cytokine profile in the liver tissue of patients with fatal YF. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 deceased patients, including 21 YF-positive and 5 flavivirus-negative patients, with preserved hepatic parenchyma architecture, who died of other causes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver samples to evaluate the Th17 profiles (ROR-\u03b3, STAT3, IL-6, TGF-\u03b2, IL-17A, and IL-23). Substantial differences were found in the expression levels of these markers between the patients with fatal YF and controls. A predominant expression of Th17 cytokine markers was observed in the midzonal region of the YF cases, the most affected area in the liver acinus, compared with the controls. Histopathological changes in the hepatic parenchyma revealed cellular damage characterised mainly by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies (apoptotic cells), micro\/macrovesicular steatosis, and lytic and coagulative necrosis. Hence, Th17 cytokines play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of YF and contribute markedly to triggering cell damage in patients with fatal disease outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T23:59:22Z","timestamp":1656460762000},"page":"2053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of Th17 Cytokines in the Liver\u2019s Immune Response during Fatal Yellow Fever: Triggering Cell Damage Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Luiz Gaia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz F\u00e1bio Magno","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66087-662, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7055-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeferson da Costa","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Cesar Henriques","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 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