{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:52:50Z","timestamp":1790758370102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18H02866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), KAKENHI","award":["82070638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070638"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), KAKENHI","award":["82103766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103766"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), KAKENHI","award":["JP18H02866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02866"]}]},{"name":"the Grant for International Joint Research Project of the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo","award":["82070638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070638"]}]},{"name":"the Grant for International Joint Research Project of the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo","award":["82103766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103766"]}]},{"name":"the Grant for International Joint Research Project of the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo","award":["JP18H02866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02866"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from UV-B radiation. Notwithstanding, the spectrum of their functions extends far beyond their well-known role as melanin production factories. Melanocytes have been considered as sensory and computational cells. The neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other hormones produced by melanocytes make them part of the skin\u2019s well-orchestrated and complex neuroendocrine network, counteracting environmental stressors. Melanocytes can also actively mediate the epidermal immune response. Melanocytes are equipped with ectopic sensory systems similar to the eye and nose and can sense light and odor. The ubiquitous inner circadian rhythm controls the body\u2019s basic physiological processes. Light not only affects skin photoaging, but also regulates inner circadian rhythms and communicates with the local neuroendocrine system. Do melanocytes \u201csee\u201d light and play a unique role in photoentrainment of the local circadian clock system? Why, then, are melanocytes responsible for so many mysterious functions? Do these complex functional devices work to maintain homeostasis locally and throughout the body? In addition, melanocytes have also been shown to be localized in internal sites such as the inner ear, brain, and heart, locations not stimulated by sunlight. Thus, what can the observation of extracutaneous melanocytes tell us about the \u201csecret identity\u201d of melanocytes? While the answers to some of these intriguing questions remain to be discovered, here we summarize and weave a thread around available data to explore the established and potential roles of melanocytes in the biological communication of skin and systemic homeostasis, and elaborate on important open issues and propose ways forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1656622382000},"page":"2082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Recognition of Melanocytes in Immuno-Neuroendocrinology and Circadian Rhythms: Beyond the Conventional Melanin Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9002-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Wen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 234-0006, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05660","article-title":"Melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation","volume":"445","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2003.00327.x","article-title":"The biology of melanocytes","volume":"14","author":"Sulaimon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. 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