{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T02:37:58Z","timestamp":1772678278003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["332652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["332652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical evidence suggests that the prevalence of cardiac disease is lower in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women and men. Although multiple factors contribute to this difference, uterine stem cells may be a major factor, as a high abundance of these cells are present in the uterus. Uterine-derived stem cells have been reported in several studies as being able to contribute to cardiac neovascularization after injury. However, our studies uniquely show the presence of an \u201cutero-cardiac axis\u201d, in which uterine stem cells are able to home to cardiac tissue to promote tissue repair. Additionally, we raise the possibility of a triangular relationship among the bone marrow, uterus, and heart. In this review, we discuss the exchange of stem cells across different organs, focusing on the relationship that exists between the heart, uterus, and bone marrow. We present increasing evidence for the existence of an utero-cardiac axis, in which the uterus serves as a reservoir for cardiac reparative stem cells, similar to the bone marrow. These cells, in turn, are able to migrate to the heart in response to injury to promote healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T22:06:00Z","timestamp":1657749960000},"page":"2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Uterus: A Unique Stem Cell Reservoir Able to Support Cardiac Repair via Crosstalk among Uterus, Heart, and Bone Marrow"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Ludke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren-Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1845","article-title":"Estrogen and progestin, lipoprotein(a), and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events after menopause","volume":"283","author":"Shlipak","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19191","article-title":"Association of Premature Natural and Surgical Menopause with Incident Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"322","author":"Honigberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030808","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"349","author":"Manson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. 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