{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1791901073986,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K21051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K21051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry","award":["21K21051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K21051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies investigating the associations of oral function and dysphagia with frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults are increasing; however, they have not been systematically summarized. We conducted a systematic review to investigate these associations. We searched electronic databases and synthesized relevant data using conventional (frequentist-style) and Bayesian meta-analyses. Twenty-four studies were found to be eligible for our review, including 20 cross-sectional and four prospective cohort studies. Older adults with frailty or sarcopenia had lower tongue pressure, according to the results of conventional meta-analysis (mean difference [95% confidence interval or credible interval]: \u22126.80 kPa [\u221210.22 to \u22123.38] for frailty and \u22125.40 kPa [\u22126.62 to \u22124.17] for sarcopenia) and Bayesian meta-analysis (\u22126.90 kPa [\u22129.0 to \u22124.8] for frailty, \u22125.35 kPa [\u22126.78 to \u22123.89] for sarcopenia). People with frailty had a higher odds ratio (OR) for dysphagia according to the results of conventional meta-analysis (3.99 [2.17 to 7.32]) and Bayesian meta-analysis (1.38 [0.77 to 1.98]). However, the results were inconclusive for people with sarcopenia. A prospective association could not be determined because of the lack of information and the limited number of studies. Decreased oral function and dysphagia can be important characteristics of frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"2199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Association of Oral Function and Dysphagia with Frailty and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8700-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotomi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Unit for Health Economic Evidence Review and Decision Support (CHEERS), Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan"},{"name":"Heisei Medical Welfare Group Research Institute, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enri","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3525-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Yoneoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Surveillance Center at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo 106-6234, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0599-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuo","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heisei Medical Welfare Group Research Institute, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuya","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9228-0940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuniyoshi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Religion and Culture, Kyoto Women\u2019s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Unit for Health Economic Evidence Review and Decision Support (CHEERS), Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Association between Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: An Umbrella Review","volume":"10","author":"Ekram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.06.010","article-title":"Association between frailty and incident risk of disability in community-dwelling elder people: Evidence from a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1267-x","article-title":"Differences in the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling, Nursing Home and Hospitalized Individuals. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx225","article-title":"Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Physical Frailty and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly","volume":"73","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104653","article-title":"Oral frailty dissected and conceptualized: A scoping review","volume":"100","author":"Parisius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e507","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00143-4","article-title":"Oral frailty and its determinants in older age: A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Dibello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0368-4","article-title":"Data extraction for complex meta-analysis (DECiMAL) guide","volume":"5","author":"Pedder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"National Institute of Health (2022, February 10). Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h870","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h870","article-title":"Use of GRADE for assessment of evidence about prognosis: Rating confidence in estimates of event rates in broad categories of patients","volume":"350","author":"Iorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T. (2008). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1, The Cochrane Collaboration.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Jacqueline, C., Miranda, C., Tianjing, L., Matthew, P., and Vivian, W. (2022). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.3, The Cochrane Collaboration."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarzer, G., Carpenter, J.R., and R\u00fccker, G. (2015). Meta-Analysis with R (Use-R!), Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21416-0"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"R\u00f6ver, C. (2017). Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis using the bayesmeta R package. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S212980","article-title":"Effects of oral environment on frailty: Particular relevance of tongue pressure","volume":"14","author":"Satake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12603","article-title":"Oral hypofunction and its relation to frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people","volume":"39","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13166","article-title":"Validity of maximum isometric tongue pressure as a screening test for physical frailty: Cross-sectional study of Japanese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"18","author":"Yamanashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, M., Hamada, T., Tanaka, A., Nishi, K., Kume, K., Goto, Y., Beppu, M., Hijioka, H., Higashi, Y., and Tabata, H. (2021). Association of Oral Hypofunction with Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081626"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14015","article-title":"Oral hypofunction and its association with frailty in community-dwelling older people","volume":"20","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.C., Chen, P.Y., Wang, Y.C., Wang, T.G., and Han, D.S. (2020). Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01832-0"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugimiya, Y., Iwasaki, M., Ohara, Y., Motokawa, K., Edahiro, A., Shirobe, M., Watanabe, Y., Obuchi, S., Kawai, H., and Fujiwara, Y. (2021). Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126666"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12715","article-title":"Effects of aging and sarcopenia on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force","volume":"17","author":"Machida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.09.003","article-title":"Relationship between characteristics of skeletal muscle and oral function in community-dwelling older women","volume":"79","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14355","article-title":"Relationship Between Frailty and Oral Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults","volume":"65","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12676","article-title":"Classification of frailty using the Kihon checklist: A cluster analysis of older adults in urban areas","volume":"17","author":"Kera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0888-3","article-title":"Relationship between masticatory function and frailty in community-dwelling Japanese elderly","volume":"30","author":"Horibe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12399","article-title":"Relationship between chewing ability and sarcopenia in Japanese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"15","author":"Murakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(11)60037-5","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of geriatric frailty in a northern Taiwan community","volume":"110","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Formos Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs006","article-title":"Oropharyngeal dysphagia as a risk factor for malnutrition and lower respiratory tract infection in independently living older persons: A population-based prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Palomera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0471","article-title":"The Swallowing Profile of Healthy Aging Adults: Comparing Noninvasive Swallow Tests to Videofluoroscopic Measures of Safety and Efficiency","volume":"61","author":"Molfenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"185","article-title":"Oral, swallowing functions, and frailty in independent elderly individuals","volume":"38","author":"Motokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hokkaido J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishida, T., Yamabe, K., and Honda, S. (2021). The Influence of Dysphagia on Nutritional and Frailty Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020512"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.06.028","article-title":"Association between swallowing function, malnutrition and frailty in community dwelling older people","volume":"45","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Eepen"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-018-09973-6","article-title":"Sarcopenia is an Independent Risk Factor for Dysphagia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults","volume":"34","author":"Cha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12700","article-title":"A 2-year longitudinal study of the relationship between masticatory function and progression to frailty or pre-frailty among community-dwelling Japanese aged 65 and older","volume":"45","author":"Horibe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeuchi, N., Sawada, N., Ekuni, D., and Morita, M. (2022). Oral Factors as Predictors of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031145"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12578","article-title":"A 5-year longitudinal study of association of maximum bite force with development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"45","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, R.-Y., Yang, A.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Lee, S.-D., Lee, S.-H., and Chen, J.-W. (2022). Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091812"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1055-z","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Sarcopenia and Dysphagia","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albani, V., Nishio, K., Ito, T., Kotronia, E., Moynihan, P., Robinson, L., Hanratty, B., Kingston, A., Abe, Y., and Takayama, M. (2021). Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: Results from two studies in England and Japan. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02081-5"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12621","article-title":"Oral frailty and carriage of oral Candida in community-dwelling older adults (Check-up to discover Health with Energy for senior Residents in Iwamizawa; CHEER Iwamizawa)","volume":"39","author":"Baba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1191-0","article-title":"Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older Adults","volume":"23","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12124","article-title":"Tongue strength is associated with jumping mechanography performance and handgrip strength but not with classic functional tests in older adults","volume":"61","author":"Buehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, K.V., Wu, W.T., Chen, L.R., Wang, H.I., Wang, T.G., and Han, D.S. (2021). Suboptimal Tongue Pressure Is Associated with Risk of Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061821"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21501327211019596","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211019596","article-title":"Swallowing Problems among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Northeastern Thailand","volume":"12","author":"Chaleekrua","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prim. Care Community Health"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12745","article-title":"Dysphagia in old-old women: Prevalence as determined according to self-report and the 3-ounce water swallowing test","volume":"62","author":"Humbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104105","article-title":"Association between oral, social, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"89","author":"Hironaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1538-6","article-title":"Association between Oral Frailty and Dietary Variety among Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"25","author":"Hoshino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1511-4","article-title":"Association between Oral Frailty and Nutritional Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Takashimadaira Study","volume":"24","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwasaki, M., Motokawa, K., Watanabe, Y., Shirobe, M., Inagaki, H., Edahiro, A., Ohara, Y., Hirano, H., Shinkai, S., and Awata, S. (2020). A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Association between Oral Frailty and Deteriorating Nutritional Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1433-1"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_20_00129","article-title":"Oral frailty and gait performance in community-dwelling older adults: Findings from the Takashimadaira study","volume":"65","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13577","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of the KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Kaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.58.91","article-title":"Relationship between the rate of a decreased oral function and the nutrient intake in community-dwelling older persons: An examination using oral function-related items in a questionnaire for latter-stage elderly people","volume":"58","author":"Kugimiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14331","article-title":"Relationship between the Kihon Checklist and all-cause hospitalization among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"22","author":"Koyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-018-9924-5","article-title":"Volumetric Changes to the Pharynx in Healthy Aging: Consequence for Pharyngeal Swallow Mechanics and Function","volume":"34","author":"Molfenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.381","article-title":"Relationship between oral function and life-space mobility or social networks in community-dwelling older people: A cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Morishita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murotani, Y., Hatta, K., Takahashi, T., Gondo, Y., Kamide, K., Kabayama, M., Masui, Y., Ishizaki, T., Matsuda, K.I., and Mihara, Y. (2021). Oral Functions Are Associated with Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Old-Old Japanese. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413199"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10165-4","article-title":"Association Among Age-Related Tongue Muscle Abnormality, Tongue Pressure, and Presbyphagia: A 3D MRI Study","volume":"36","author":"Nakao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12455","article-title":"Dysphagia is associated with oral, physical, cognitive and psychological frailty in Japanese community-dwelling elderly persons","volume":"37","author":"Nishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.57.273","article-title":"Oral frailty is associated with food satisfaction in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"57","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7966","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86854-3","article-title":"Frailty is associated with susceptibility and severity of pneumonia in older adults (A JAGES multilevel cross-sectional study)","volume":"11","author":"Shobugawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, H., Ayukawa, Y., Ueno, Y., Atsuta, I., Jinnouchi, A., and Koyano, K. (2020). Relationship between Maximum Tongue Pressure Value and Age, Occlusal Status, or Body Mass Index among the Community-Dwelling Elderly. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56110623"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01547-7","article-title":"Oral diadochokinesis is related to decline in swallowing function among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: A cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takehara, S., Hirani, V., Wright, F.A.C., Naganathan, V., Blyth, F.M., Le Couteur, D.G., Waite, L.M., Seibel, M.J., Handelsman, D.J., and Cumming, R.G. (2021). Appetite, oral health and weight loss in community-dwelling older men: An observational study from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02169-y"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104340","article-title":"Oral Frailty Index-8 in the risk assessment of new-onset oral frailty and functional disability among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"94","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.02.022","article-title":"Prevalence of Frailty Assessed by Fried and Kihon Checklist Indexes in a Prospective Cohort Study: Design and Demographics of the Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study","volume":"18","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/14\/2199\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:50:37Z","timestamp":1760140237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/14\/2199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11142199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11142199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}}}