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Previously we reported that knockdown of \u03b3-IFN-inducible lysosomal thiolreductase (GILT) abrogates the antiviral activity of \u03b3-IFN in TE671 cells but not in HeLa cells, suggesting that other \u03b3-IFN-inducible host factors are involved in its antiviral activity in HeLa cells. We identified cellular factors, the expression of which are induced by \u03b3-IFN in HeLa cells, using a microarray, and analyzed the effects of 11 \u03b3-IFN-induced factors on retroviral vector infection. Our results showed that the exogenous expression of FAT10, IFI6, or IDO1 significantly inhibits both HIV-1- and MLV-based vector infections. The antiviral activity of \u03b3-IFN was decreased in HeLa cells, in which the function of IDO1, IFI6, FAT10, and GILT were simultaneously inhibited. IDO1 is an enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid, tryptophan. However, IDO1 did not restrict retroviral vector infection in Atg3-silencing HeLa cells, in which autophagy did not occur. This study found that IDO1, IFI6, FAT10, and GILT are involved in the antiviral activity of \u03b3-IFN, and IDO1 inhibits retroviral infection by inducing autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T23:10:22Z","timestamp":1658272222000},"page":"2240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["IDO1, FAT10, IFI6, and GILT Are Involved in the Antiretroviral Activity of \u03b3-Interferon and IDO1 Restricts Retrovirus Infection by Autophagy Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6592-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Kubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical Medicine and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Izumida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Medical University Research Administration, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1831-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03086","article-title":"The molecular basis of viral inhibition of IRF- and STAT-dependent immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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