{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:20:28Z","timestamp":1790659228815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (Minciencias)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an endocrine factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism that exerts pleiotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum FGF-21 profile in healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of pregnancy; (2) Methods: Serum FGF-21 levels were determined by ELISA in a nested case-control study within a longitudinal cohort study that included healthy (n = 54) and mild preeclamptic (n = 20) pregnant women, women at three months after delivery (n = 20) and eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle (n = 20); (3) Results: FGF-21 levels were significantly lower in the mid-luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p &lt; 0.01). Maternal levels of FGF-21 were significantly lower in the first and second trimesters and peaked during the third trimester in healthy pregnant women (p &lt; 0.01). Serum levels of FGF-21 in healthy pregnant were significantly lower in the first and second trimester of pregnancy compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and postpartum (p &lt; 0.01). Serum FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic compared to healthy pregnant women during pregnancy (p &lt; 0.01); (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that a peak of FGF-21 towards the end of pregnancy in healthy pregnancy and higher levels in preeclamptic women might play a critical role that contributes to protecting against the negatives effects of high concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and hypertensive disorder. Furthermore, FGF-21 might play an important role in reproductive function in healthy eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1658399816000},"page":"2251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Maternal Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Decrease during Early Pregnancy in Normotensive Pregnant Women but Are Higher in Preeclamptic Women\u2014A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3000-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieth Daniela","family":"Buell-Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Garces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo Jos\u00e9","family":"Parada-Ba\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8302-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith","family":"Angel-Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0310-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Paez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Eslava-Schmalbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0561-4883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Escobar-Cordoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Sue\u00f1o Vigilia Colombiana, Bogota 111211, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia Alexandra","family":"Caminos-Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6731-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Lacunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justo P.","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERObn-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Intituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9976-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Nogueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERObn-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Intituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (CIMUS), School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Dieguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERObn-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Intituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (CIMUS), School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ruiz-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Eduardo","family":"Caminos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 11001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.02.002","article-title":"Activation of Hepatic Estrogen Receptor-\u03b1 Increases Energy Expenditure by Stimulating the Production of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Female 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