{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:27:45Z","timestamp":1776925665362,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior) student fellowship"},{"name":"CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico) research productivity fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood malnutrition affects physiology and development. It increases infection rates, which may not present clinical signs in severe cases. The World Health Organization recommends prophylactic treatment with cotrimoxazole (SXT) and nutritional recovery to overcome this issue. This treatment is controversial, since evidence of a reduction in morbidity and mortality is not a consensus and could induce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the impact of using this wide-spectrum antibiotic on gut microbiota in a critical period of development, and weakness is unknown. To understand how SXT prophylaxis could affect gut microbiota in undernutrition, we induced protein\u2013energy undernutrition (PEU) in weaning C57BL\/6 mice for three weeks and treated animals with SXT for two weeks. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the taxonomic composition and metabolic pathways of control mice, animals submitted to undernutrition (UND), treated with SXT, or undernourished and SXT treated (UND + SXT). We identified that UND mice had a significant increase in predicted pathways related to metabolic syndromes later in life. The prophylactic SXT treatment alone resulted in a significant loss in community richness and beta diversity. Furthermore, we identified the reduction of three genera in SXT treated mice, including the butyrate producers Faecalibacterium and Anaerotruncus. Both UND and double challenge (UND + SXT) resulted in a reduction of the amino acid\u2019s biosynthesis pathway related to cell growth. Our results show that the SXT prophylaxis of young mice during an undernourishment period did not re-establish the undernourished microbiota community composition similar to healthy controls but induced a distinct dysbiotic profile with functional metabolic consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1658702942000},"page":"2278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prophylactic Treatment of Undernourished Mice with Cotrimoxazole Induces a Different Profile of Dysbiosis with Functional Metabolic Alterations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"L\u00edvia Budziarek","family":"Eslab\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, iREG, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Farias","family":"Gubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, iREG, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Cafferati","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, iREG, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isis M. A.","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, iREG, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Bruna-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Z\u00e1rate-Blad\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, iREG, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-040, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group, and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (2021). 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