{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:40:46Z","timestamp":1783953646451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":204,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Foundation\u2014Flanders (FWO)","award":["#G066821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#G066821N"]}]},{"name":"The Research Foundation\u2014Flanders (FWO)","award":["2020-EMR116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-EMR116"]}]},{"name":"The Research Foundation\u2014Flanders (FWO)","award":["RF-2019-12369703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12369703"]}]},{"name":"The Research Foundation\u2014Flanders (FWO)","award":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG\u2014Euregio Meuse-Rhine","award":["#G066821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#G066821N"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG\u2014Euregio Meuse-Rhine","award":["2020-EMR116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-EMR116"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG\u2014Euregio Meuse-Rhine","award":["RF-2019-12369703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12369703"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG\u2014Euregio Meuse-Rhine","award":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzat","award":["#G066821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#G066821N"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzat","award":["2020-EMR116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-EMR116"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzat","award":["RF-2019-12369703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12369703"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzat","award":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"]}]},{"name":"KU Leuven Ron- doufonds voor Duchenne Onderzoek to L.Y.","award":["#G066821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#G066821N"]}]},{"name":"KU Leuven Ron- doufonds voor Duchenne Onderzoek to L.Y.","award":["2020-EMR116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-EMR116"]}]},{"name":"KU Leuven Ron- doufonds voor Duchenne Onderzoek to L.Y.","award":["RF-2019-12369703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12369703"]}]},{"name":"KU Leuven Ron- doufonds voor Duchenne Onderzoek to L.Y.","award":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQQ-FODUCH-O2010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. Cachexia represents a complex multi-organ syndrome associated with cancer and chronic diseases. It is often characterized by body weight loss, inflammation, and muscle and adipose wasting. Progressive muscle loss is also a hallmark of healthy aging, which is emerging worldwide as a main demographic trend. A great challenge for the health care systems is the age-related decline in functionality which threatens the independence and quality of life of elderly people. This biological decline can also be associated with functional muscle loss, known as sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of muscle wasting in both cachexia and sarcopenia. These small non-coding RNAs, often carried in extracellular vesicles, inhibit translation by targeting messenger RNAs, therefore representing potent epigenetic modulators. The molecular mechanisms behind cachexia and sarcopenia, including the expression of specific miRNAs, share common and distinctive trends. The aim of the present review is to compile recent evidence about shared and divergent epigenetic mechanisms, particularly focusing on miRNAs, between cachexia and sarcopenia to understand a facet in the underlying muscle wasting associated with these morbidities and disclose potential therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T21:20:59Z","timestamp":1658784059000},"page":"2293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Shared and Divergent Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cachexia and Sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1701-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Yedigaryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0504-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tullia","family":"Maraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurilio","family":"Sampaolesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.911.BJR-2020-0178.R1","article-title":"Role of microRNA in muscle regeneration and diseases related to muscle dysfunction in atrophy, cachexia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Hamilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00908","article-title":"Regulating gene expression in animals through RNA endonucleolytic cleavage","volume":"4","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799859620","article-title":"Role of miRNAs in muscle stem cell biology: Proliferation, differentiation and death","volume":"18","author":"Crippa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000356760","article-title":"Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: Diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options\u2014A mini-review","volume":"60","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.28246","article-title":"New Prospect for Cancer Cachexia: Medical Cannabinoid","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0765-7","article-title":"Communicating with Adolescents and Young Adults about Cancer-Associated Weight Loss","volume":"21","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resmark, G., Herpertz, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., and Zeeck, A. (2019). Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa-New Evidence-Based Guidelines. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020153"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-019-0556-0","article-title":"Cannabis und Cannabinoide\u2013erleichterter Zugang, Hype und Entt\u00e4uschung: Was ist gesichert in der Therapie? [Cannabis and cannabinoids-easier access, hype and disappointment: What has been confirmed in therapy?]","volume":"60","author":"Rasche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internist Berl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.11.003","article-title":"The potential therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and muscle function in cancer","volume":"133","author":"Fairman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v10.i9.95","article-title":"Molecular therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic cancer induced cachexia","volume":"10","author":"Yakovenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1800171","article-title":"A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0266","article-title":"Precision Promise Consortium. Pancreas Cancer-Associated Weight Loss","volume":"24","author":"Hendifar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12387","article-title":"Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328352694f","article-title":"Malnutrition, fatigue, frailty, vulnerability, sarcopenia and cachexia: Overlap of clinical features","volume":"15","author":"Jeejeebhoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab Care."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Roger, J.B., Syed, K., and Minteer, J.F. (2022, May 05). Cachexia. StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island (FL), Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470208\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0148-8","article-title":"Left ventricular mass correlates with lean body mass in patients with disease-associated wasting","volume":"5","author":"Molfino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2018.09.012","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer in adults: A summary of guidelines from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","volume":"18","author":"Fou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2017.61","article-title":"Malnutrition and cachexia among cancer out-patients in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Kaduka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2018.12.006","article-title":"Couples coping with nutrition-related problems in advanced cancer: A qualitative study in primary care","volume":"38","author":"Joossens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2018.12.08","article-title":"What are the criteria for response to cachexia treatment?","volume":"8","author":"Crawford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Ardeljan, A.D., and Hurezeanu, R. (2022, May 05). Sarcopenia. In StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island (FL), Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560813\/."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"177","article-title":"Clinical definition of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Santilli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cases Miner Bone Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496917748221","article-title":"Preoperative Computed Tomography-Determined Sarcopenia and Postoperative Outcome After Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001657","article-title":"Sarcopenia increases risk of long-term mortality in elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery","volume":"83","author":"Rangel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12076","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012076","article-title":"Impact of sarcopenia on outcomes of patients undergoing pancreatectomy: A retrospective analysis of 107 patients","volume":"97","author":"Vermersch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2018.11.05","article-title":"Significance of preoperative sarcopenia to liver surgery","volume":"8","author":"Kaido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O256","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13067","article-title":"Sarcopenia, as defined by low muscle mass, strength and physical performance, predicts complications after surgery for colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Fielding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880060809","article-title":"Distribution of different fiber types in human skeletal muscles: Effects of aging studied in whole muscle cross sections","volume":"6","author":"Lexell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M214","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.3.M214","article-title":"Body fat and skeletal muscle mass in relation to physical disability in very old men and women of the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"53","author":"Visser","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S333","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51344.x","article-title":"Hormones and the aging process","volume":"51","author":"Morley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"110","article-title":"Testosterone, body composition and aging","volume":"22","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"919","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity and inflammation in the InCHIANTI study","volume":"102","author":"Schrager","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. 1985"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3182a4e699","article-title":"Exercise and nutrition to target protein synthesis impairments in aging skeletal muscle","volume":"41","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.009","article-title":"Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study","volume":"39","author":"Granic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000554204.38139.5a","article-title":"Assessment of sarcopenia in virally suppressed HIV-infected Asians receiving treatment","volume":"33","author":"Mcstea","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curcio, F., Testa, G., Liguori, I., Papillo, M., Flocco, V., Panicara, V., Galizia, G., Della-Morte, D., Gargiulo, G., and Cacciatore, F. (2020). Sarcopenia and Heart Failure. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010211"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5935\/0101-2800.20150014","article-title":"Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"37","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bras. Nefrol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0705","article-title":"Lentiviral vector gene transfer is limited by the proteasome at postentry steps in various types of stem cells","volume":"26","author":"Gritti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem. Cells"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, R.F., Loh, K.P., Williams, G.R., Jatoi, A., Mustian, K.M., and Mohile, S.G. (2019). Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121861"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S186600","article-title":"Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A bidirectional relationship","volume":"12","author":"Mesinovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2019.26.2.65","article-title":"Sarcopenia Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bone Metab."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/14.3.149","article-title":"Prospective trial of a new diagnostic criterion for severe wasting malnutrition in the elderly","volume":"14","author":"Friedman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0014-2","article-title":"An overview of sarcopenia: Facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact","volume":"1","author":"Morley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies","volume":"16","author":"Shafiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01359-w","article-title":"MicroRNAs promote skeletal muscle differentiation of mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitors","volume":"8","author":"Giacomazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328312c37d","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: Definition, cause and consequences","volume":"11","author":"Stenholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0621-3","article-title":"Human dental pulp pluripotent-like stem cells promote wound healing and muscle regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Montori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.02.012","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i4.17","article-title":"Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2013.11.007","article-title":"Towards a simple objective framework for the investigation and treatment of cancer cachexia: The Glasgow Prognostic Score","volume":"40","author":"Douglas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328333c1c1","article-title":"Understanding sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Landi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meccariello, R. (2019). A Landscape of Epigenetic Regulation by MicroRNAs to the Hallmarks of Cancer and Cachexia: Implications of Physical Activity to Tumor Regression. Epigenetics, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.77825"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nebbioso, A., Tambaro, F.P., Dell\u2019Aversana, C., and Altucci, L. (2018). Cancer epigenetics: Moving forward. PLoS Genet, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007362"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal2380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal2380","article-title":"Epigenetic plasticity and the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"357","author":"Flavahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1787609","article-title":"An operational definition of epigenetics","volume":"23","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0512","article-title":"Exploiting tumor vulnerabilities: Epigenetics, cancer metabolism and the mTOR pathway in the era of personalized medicine","volume":"73","author":"Portela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers5020676","article-title":"Epigenetics and colorectal cancer pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Bardhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.11","article-title":"Tumour evolution: Epigenetic and genetic heterogeneity in metastasis","volume":"17","author":"Alderton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0058","article-title":"Epigenetics of cancer-associated muscle catabolism","volume":"9","author":"Carr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.08.021","article-title":"Functional interdependence at the chromatin level between the MKK6\/p38 and IGF1\/PI3K\/AKT pathways during muscle differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Serra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62656","article-title":"MicroRNA-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration and delays progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C101","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00344.2015","article-title":"Valproic acid attenuates skeletal muscle wasting by inhibiting C\/EBP\u03b2-regulated atrogin1 expression in cancer cachexia","volume":"311","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djv274","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv274","article-title":"Preclinical Investigation of the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42 in the Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cachexia","volume":"107","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0266","article-title":"Concise Review: Epigenetic Regulation of Myogenesis in Health and Disease","volume":"5","author":"Sincennes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23093","article-title":"C\/EBP\u03b2 regulates dexamethasone-induced muscle cell atrophy and expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1","volume":"112","author":"Gonnella","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.03.019","article-title":"Acetylation and deacetylation-novel factors in muscle wasting","volume":"62","author":"Alamdari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2109","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.4","article-title":"CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein beta protects muscle satellite cells from apoptosis after injury and in cancer cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Marchildon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3282fa1810","article-title":"Epigenetic drugs in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Guasconi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/35040593","article-title":"Signal-dependent nuclear export of a histone deacetylase regulates muscle differentiation","volume":"408","author":"McKinsey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.22609","article-title":"Sulforaphane causes a major epigenetic repression of myostatin in porcine satellite cells","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00373-2","article-title":"Class I histone deacetylases sequentially interact with MyoD and pRb during skeletal myogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Puri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12486","article-title":"Does skeletal muscle have an\u2018epi\u2019-memory? The role of epigenetics in nutritional programming, metabolic disease, aging and exercise","volume":"15","author":"Sharples","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20287-3","article-title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Possesses an Epigenetic Memory of Hypertrophy","volume":"8","author":"Seaborne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00278.2006","article-title":"Satellite cell content is specifically reduced in type II skeletal muscle fibers in the elderly","volume":"292","author":"Verdijk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880060807","article-title":"Age-related differences in absolute numbers of skeletal muscle satellite cells","volume":"6","author":"Gibson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.02.022","article-title":"Satellite-cell pool size does matter: Defining the myogenic potency of aging skeletal muscle","volume":"294","author":"Shefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.05.025","article-title":"Coordination of satellite cell activation and self-renewal by Par-complex-dependent asymmetric activation of p38\u03b1\/\u03b2 MAPK","volume":"11","author":"Troy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem. Cell"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.01.017","article-title":"Tissue damage induces a conserved stress response that initiates quiescent muscle stem cell activation","volume":"28","author":"Machado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stem. Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.6.566","article-title":"Sca-1-expressing nonmyogenic cells contribute to fibrosis in aged skeletal muscle","volume":"63","author":"Hidestrand","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7157.2007","article-title":"Twist relates to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney","volume":"55","author":"Kida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.05.043","article-title":"Chromatin modifications as determinants of muscle stem cell quiescence and chronological aging","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3230","article-title":"Trithorax group proteins: Switching genes on and keeping them active","volume":"12","author":"Schuettengruber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82735","article-title":"Mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitor cells functionally regenerate cardiac and skeletal muscle","volume":"125","author":"Quattrocelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83239","article-title":"UTX demethylase activity is required for satellite cell-mediated muscle regeneration","volume":"126","author":"Faralli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.067","article-title":"Age-Associated Methylation Suppresses SPRY1, Leading to a Failure of Re-quiescence and Loss of the Reserve Stem Cell Pool in Elderly Muscle","volume":"13","author":"Bigot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-009-0221-9","article-title":"DNA methylation and methyl-CpG binding proteins: Developmental requirements and function","volume":"118","author":"Veenstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13013","article-title":"Geriatric muscle stem cells switch reversible quiescence into senescence","volume":"506","author":"Gutarra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1950","article-title":"Polycomb-mediated methylation on Lys27 of histone H3 pre-marks genes for de novo methylation in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Schlesinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16308","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807725200","article-title":"Enhancer of polycomb1 acts on serum response factor to regulate skeletal muscle differentiation","volume":"284","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11438","article-title":"The aged niche disrupts muscle stem cell quiescence","volume":"490","author":"Chakkalakal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199912)181:3<499::AID-JCP14>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in response to members of the fibroblast growth factor family and hepatocyte growth factor","volume":"181","author":"Sheehan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101101","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in cancer-associated cachexia: Clinical implications and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Kottorou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.725","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle microRNAs mediate skeletal muscle myogenesis and disease","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashed, M.H., Bayraktar, E., Helal, G.K., Abd-Ellah, M.F., Amero, P., Chavez-Reyes, A., and Rodriguez-Aguayo, C. (2017). Exosomes: From Garbage Bins to Promising Therapeutic Targets. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030538"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iraci, N., Leonardi, T., Gessler, F., Vega, B., and Pluchino, S. (2016). Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Physiological Role and Signalling Properties of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020171"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"239","article-title":"Mega roles of microRNAs in regulation of skeletal muscle health and disease","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12226","article-title":"The mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming agent trimetazidine as an \u2018exercise mimetic\u2019 in cachectic C26-bearing mice","volume":"8","author":"Molinari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fochi, S., Giuriato, G., De Simone, T., Gomez-Lira, M., Tamburin, S., Del Piccolo, L., Schena, F., Venturelli, M., and Romanelli, M.G. (2020). Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186732"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.03.011","article-title":"Muscle satellite cells are primed for myogenesis but maintain quiescence with sequestration of Myf5 mRNA targeted by microRNA-31 in mRNP granules","volume":"11","author":"Crist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem. Cell"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5597","article-title":"miR-195\/497 induce postnatal quiescence of skeletal muscle stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.09.010","article-title":"Myogenic Progenitor Cells Control Extracellular Matrix Production by Fibroblasts during Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"20","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem. Cell"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.04.011","article-title":"The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering","volume":"88","author":"Quattrocelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e10-01-0062","article-title":"MiR-322\/424 and -503 are induced during muscle differentiation and promote cell cycle quiescence and differentiation by down-regulation of Cdc25A","volume":"21","author":"Sarkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03165-7","article-title":"MiR-17 and miR-19 cooperatively promote skeletal muscle cell differentiation","volume":"76","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24821","article-title":"MiR-124 inhibits myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via targeting Dlx5","volume":"115","author":"Qadir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.06.011","article-title":"Small molecule inhibitor of myogenic microRNAs leads to a discovery of miR-221\/222-myoD-myomiRs regulatory pathway","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616680354","article-title":"Differentiating Sarcopenia and Cachexia Among Patients with Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367561","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/367561","article-title":"Cancer Cachexia and MicroRNAs","volume":"2015","author":"Camargo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powr\u00f3zek, T., Mlak, R., Brzozowska, A., Mazurek, M., Go\u0142\u0119biowski, P., and Ma\u0142ecka-Massalska, T. (2018). miRNA-130a Significantly Improves Accuracy of SGA Nutritional Assessment Tool in Prediction of Malnutrition and Cachexia in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10090294"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01530-9","article-title":"miR-410-3P inhibits adipocyte differentiation by targeting IRS-1 in cancer-associated cachexia patients","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, J.M.O., Peixoto da Silva, S., Gil da Costa, R.M., and Medeiros, R. (2020). The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12041004"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12168","article-title":"Small RNAome profiling from human skeletal muscle: Novel miRNAs and their targets associated with cancer cachexia","volume":"8","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12512","article-title":"Identification of microRNAs in skeletal muscle associated with lung cancer cachexia","volume":"11","author":"Schols","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12236","article-title":"miR-422a suppresses SMAD4 protein expression and promotes resistance to muscle loss","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905172116","article-title":"HuR counteracts miR-330 to promote STAT3 translation during inflammation-induced muscle wasting","volume":"116","author":"Mubaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00006.2017","article-title":"Cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy: Evidence for alterations in microRNAs important for muscle size","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yedigaryan, L., and Sampaolesi, M. (2021). Therapeutic Implications of miRNAs for Muscle-Wasting Conditions. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113035"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"2053","article-title":"MicroRNA-205 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by targeting cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1)","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633366","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.633366","article-title":"MiR-450a-5p Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis via Targeting CREB1 and Inhibiting AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 Signaling Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07236-2","article-title":"Integration of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles reveals microRNA-regulated networks during muscle wasting in cardiac cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Moraes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676575","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/676575","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs, Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Development and Diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12041","article-title":"White adipose tissue cells and the progression of cachexia: Inflammatory pathways","volume":"7","author":"Neves","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4372","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3536","article-title":"Activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and dysregulated lipid metabolism associated with cancer cachexia in mice","volume":"72","author":"Tsoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0651","article-title":"Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer","volume":"76","author":"Lazar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5399","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30245","article-title":"Colorectal cancer prompted adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia through transferring exosomal miR-146b-5p","volume":"236","author":"Di","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.06.046","article-title":"MicroRNAs-424 and 206 are potential prognostic markers in spinal onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"368","author":"Avansini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23139-2","article-title":"Differential expression of microRNAs and other small RNAs in muscle tissue of patients with ALS and healthy age-matched controls","volume":"8","author":"Kovanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00167","article-title":"Circulating MicroRNAs in Plasma Decrease in Response to Sarcopenia in the Elderly","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"100","article-title":"Identifying Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs as Candidate Biomarkers of Frailty","volume":"7","author":"Ipson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"S91","article-title":"The Severity of Muscle Performance Deterioration in Sarcopenia Correlates with Circulating Muscle Tissue-Specific miRNAs","volume":"70","author":"Koller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.10.013","article-title":"A family of microRNAs encoded by myosin genes governs myosin expression and muscle performance","volume":"17","author":"Quiat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S169202","article-title":"Role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle aging","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.003","article-title":"Cellular senescence in cancer and aging","volume":"130","author":"Collado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3465","article-title":"p38 MAPK signaling underlies a cell-autonomous loss of stem cell self-renewal in skeletal muscle of aged mice","volume":"20","author":"Bernet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.12.005","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls the aging process via an integrated signaling network","volume":"11","author":"Salminen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275833","article-title":"Alterations in the muscle force transfer apparatus in aged rats during unloading and reloading: Impact of microRNA-31","volume":"596","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2010","article-title":"Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles","volume":"91","author":"Schiaffino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4900","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15197","article-title":"MicroRNA regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"2678","article-title":"Regulation of IRS1\/Akt insulin signaling by microRNA-128a during myogenesis","volume":"126","author":"Motohashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.174235","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB-modulated microRNAs miR-195 and miR-497 inhibit myoblast proliferation by targeting Igf1r, Insr and cyclin genes","volume":"129","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2017.1279786","article-title":"MicroRNA-432 targeting E2F3 and P55PIK inhibits myogenesis through PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., Ma, G., Wu, G., Xiang, A., Shi, X., Yang, G.S., and Sun, S. (2018). MicroRNA-106a-5p Inhibited C2C12 Myogenesis via Targeting PIK3R1 and Modulating the PI3K\/AKT Signaling. Genes, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9070333"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.25052","article-title":"miR-487b-3p Suppresses the Proliferation and Differentiation of Myoblasts by Targeting IRS1 in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100643","article-title":"MicroRNA-29 induces cellular senescence in aging muscle through multiple signaling pathways","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15010296","article-title":"MiRNA-199a-3p regulates C2C12 myoblast differentiation through IGF-1\/AKT\/mTOR signal pathway","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFarlane, C., Vajjala, A., Arigela, H., Lokireddy, S., Ge, X., Bonala, S., Manickam, R., Kambadur, R., and Sharma, M. (2014). Negative auto-regulation of myostatin expression is mediated by Smad3 and microRNA-27. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087687"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freire, P.P., Fernandez, G.J., Cury, S.S., de Moraes, D., Oliveira, J.S., de Oliveira, G., Dal-Pai-Silva, M., Dos Reis, P.P., and Carvalho, R.F. (2019). The Pathway to Cancer Cachexia: MicroRNA-Regulated Networks in Muscle Wasting Based on Integrative Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081962"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.84","article-title":"Transcription factor FoxO1, the dominant mediator of muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease, is inhibited by microRNA-486","volume":"82","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H.C., Han, D.S., Hsu, C.C., and Wang, J.S. (2021). Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a serve as potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in the older adults. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02040-0"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.198085.112","article-title":"miR-26a is required for skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration in mice","volume":"26","author":"Dey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.12.027","article-title":"MicroRNA control in the immune system: Basic principles","volume":"136","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2817","article-title":"Cancer affects microRNA expression, release, and function in cardiac and skeletal muscle","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"1555","article-title":"Prognostic impact of sarcopenia and its correlation with circulating miR-21 in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"39","author":"Okugawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.11.001","article-title":"Bone and muscle specific circulating microRNAs in postmenopausal women based on osteoporosis and sarcopenia status","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402714111","article-title":"Microvesicles containing miRNAs promote muscle cell death in cancer cachexia via TLR7","volume":"111","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borja-Gonzalez, M., Casas-Martinez, J.C., McDonagh, B., and Goljanek-Whysall, K. (2020). Inflamma-miR-21 Negatively Regulates Myogenesis during Ageing. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040345"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12878","article-title":"MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Dowling","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12266","article-title":"miR-424-5p reduces ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis in muscle wasting","volume":"9","author":"Connolly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.35","article-title":"Loss of miR-29 in myoblasts contributes to dystrophic muscle pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.08.015","article-title":"Disruption of skeletal muscle mitochondrial network genes and miRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E267","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00249.2013","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling links miR-378 to enhanced adipocyte lipolysis in human cancer cachexia","volume":"306","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C551","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00266.2013","article-title":"miR-23a is decreased during muscle atrophy by a mechanism that includes calcineurin signaling and exosome-mediated export","volume":"306","author":"Hudson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21274","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28732","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia-derived exosomes attenuate adipogenesis of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells via transporting miR-92a-3p","volume":"234","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2014.09.013","article-title":"MicroRNA and cancer\u2014A brief overview","volume":"57","author":"Acunzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9839","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27672","article-title":"miR-483 inhibits bovine myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation via IGF1\/PI3K\/AKT signal pathway","volume":"234","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx025","article-title":"Comprehensive miRNA Profiling of Skeletal Muscle and Serum in Induced and Normal Mouse Muscle Atrophy During Aging","volume":"72","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02989-x","article-title":"Sarcopenia associates with SNAP-25 SNPs and a miRNAs profile which is modulated by structured rehabilitation treatment","volume":"19","author":"Agostini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12538-6","article-title":"Using computer simulation models to investigate the most promising microRNAs to improve muscle regeneration during ageing","volume":"7","author":"Proctor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.41641","article-title":"Inflammation-dependent downregulation of miR-532-3p mediates apoptotic signaling in human sarcopenia through targeting BAK1","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0802","article-title":"The potential role of miR-451 in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streleckiene, G., Inciuraite, R., Juzenas, S., Salteniene, V., Steponaitiene, R., Gyvyte, U., Kiudelis, G., Leja, M., Ruzgys, P., and Satkauskas, S. (2020). miR-20b and miR-451a Are Involved in Gastric Carcinogenesis through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signaling Pathway: Data from Gastric Cancer Patients, Cell Lines and Ins-Gas Mouse Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030877"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0899-5","article-title":"Tumour-originated exosomal miR-155 triggers cancer-associated cachexia to promote tumour progression","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0297","article-title":"First Characterization of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a Powerful Paracrine Tool Endowed with Regenerative Potential","volume":"6","author":"Balbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11973","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05122","article-title":"Generation of Small RNA-Modulated Exosome Mimetics for Bone Regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1407","article-title":"Amniotic fluid stem cell exosomes: Therapeutic perspective","volume":"44","author":"Beretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785343","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2785343","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: In Vitro Therapeutic Effect of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"2020","author":"Gatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavatti, M., Gatti, M., Beretti, F., Palumbo, C., and Maraldi, T. (2022). Exosomes Derived from Human Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserve Microglia and Neuron Cells from A\u03b2. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094967"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Huang, W., Wani, M., Yu, X., and Ashraf, M. (2014). Ischemic preconditioning potentiates the protective effect of stem cells through secretion of exosomes by targeting Mecp2 via miR-22. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088685"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2009.12.003","article-title":"Exosome secreted by MSC reduces myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.05.029","article-title":"Interactions between microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in cardiac development and repair","volume":"127","author":"Rotini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatti, M., Beretti, F., Zavatti, M., Bertucci, E., Ribeiro Luz, S., Palumbo, C., and Maraldi, T. (2020). Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010038"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1576","article-title":"Comparison of the therapeutic effect of amniotic fluid stem cells and their exosomes on monoiodoacetate-induced animal model of osteoarthritis","volume":"46","author":"Zavatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt194","article-title":"Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against cisplatin-induced renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0395","article-title":"Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem. Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campanella, C., Caruso Bavisotto, C., Logozzi, M., Marino Gammazza, A., Mizzoni, D., Cappello, F., and Fais, S. (2019). On the Choice of the Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Purposes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020236"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19581-x","article-title":"The microRNA regulatory landscape of MSC-derived exosomes: A systems view","volume":"8","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681267","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.681267","article-title":"BMSC-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the miR-486-5p\/FoxO1 Axis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.03.031","article-title":"Mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived exosomes accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"589","author":"Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-018-0211-z","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"20","author":"Mentkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.29579","article-title":"miR-26a Limits Muscle Wasting and Cardiac Fibrosis through Exosome-Mediated microRNA Transfer in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9836","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709614200","article-title":"MicroRNA-26a targets the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 during myogenesis","volume":"283","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15805","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707628104","article-title":"MicroRNA-29 family reverts aberrant methylation in lung cancer by targeting DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B","volume":"104","author":"Fabbri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.972008","article-title":"miR-148 targets human DNMT3b protein coding region","volume":"14","author":"Duursma","year":"2008","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165395","article-title":"Genomic loss of microRNA-101 leads to overexpression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in cancer","volume":"322","author":"Varambally","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, D.D., Li, L., and Chan, W.Y. (2016). MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in the Central Nervous System and Their Implication in Neurological Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060842"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.19","article-title":"miR-449a targets HDAC-1 and induces growth arrest in prostate cancer","volume":"28","author":"Noonan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1725","article-title":"The role of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00025-3","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal myogenesis by association of the MEF2 transcription factor with class II histone deacetylases","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.10.006","article-title":"NF-kappaB-YY1-miR-29 regulatory circuitry in skeletal myogenesis and rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.07.008","article-title":"MicroRNAs involved in molecular circuitries relevant for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathogenesis are controlled by the dystrophin\/nNOS pathway","volume":"12","author":"Cacchiarelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520962567","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Avenue in Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Jeyaraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0403-9","article-title":"Recent advancements in the use of exosomes as drug delivery systems","volume":"16","author":"Bunggulawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/15\/2293\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:56:16Z","timestamp":1760140576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/15\/2293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"references-count":204,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11152293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11152293","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]}}}