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In addition to gluten, other grains\u2019 components, including amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs), may trigger symptoms in NCWS subjects. Several studies suggest that, compared with tetraploid and hexaploid modern wheats, ancient diploid wheats species could possess a lower immunogenicity for subjects suffering from NCWS. This review aims to discuss available evidence related to the immunological features of diploid wheats compared to common wheats, and at outlining new dietary opportunities for NCWS subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T20:52:01Z","timestamp":1659559921000},"page":"2389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diploid Wheats: Are They Less Immunogenic for Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitive Consumers?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Rotondi Aufiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sapone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517313","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.517313","article-title":"The Two Faces of Wheat","volume":"7","author":"Wieser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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