{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:15:08Z","timestamp":1787242508138,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery (DGOOC)","award":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"]}]},{"name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen","award":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["236177352 (SFB1116\/TPS01)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis, or steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip, is accompanied by increased bone marrow adipogenesis. Such a disorder of adipogenic\/osteogenic differentiation, affecting bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), contributes to bone loss during aging. Here, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human (h)BMSCs during different stages of osteogenic differentiation on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of na\u00efve (undifferentiated) hBMSCs. We observed that all EV groups increased viability and proliferation capacity and suppressed the apoptosis of na\u00efve hBMSCs. In particular, EVs derived from hBMSCs at late-stage osteogenic differentiation promoted the osteogenic potential of na\u00efve hBMSCs more effectively than EVs derived from na\u00efve hBMSCs (na\u00efve EVs), as indicated by the increased gene expression of COL1A1 and OPN. In contrast, the adipogenic differentiation capacity of na\u00efve hBMSCs was inhibited by treatment with EVs from osteogenic differentiated hBMSCs. Proteomic analysis revealed that osteogenic EVs and na\u00efve EVs contained distinct protein profiles, with pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic proteins encapsulated in osteogenic EVs. We speculate that osteogenic EVs could serve as an intercellular communication system between bone- and bone-marrow adipose tissue, for transporting osteogenic factors and thus favoring pro-osteogenic processes. Our data may support the theory of an endocrine circuit with the skeleton functioning as a ductless gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1660196637000},"page":"2491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Osteogenic Differentiated Human BMSCs on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Na\u00efve Human BMSCs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"St\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shushan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marietta","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IZKF Group Tissue Reg. in Musculoskeletal Dis., University Hospital & Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Res., University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Reinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Analytische Wissenschaften\u2013ISAS\u2013e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Stra\u00dfe 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Sickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Analytische Wissenschaften\u2013ISAS\u2013e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Stra\u00dfe 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany"},{"name":"Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2549-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Gr\u00e4ssel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090504","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem-Cells","volume":"9","author":"Caplan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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