{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:56:46Z","timestamp":1789081006032,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)"},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)"},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assist\u00eancia (FAEPA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a trending topic in recent years; they constitute a new intercellular communication paradigm. Extracellular vesicles are 30\u20134000 nanometers in diameter particles that are limited by a phospholipid bilayer and contain functional biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are released by virtually all types of eukaryotic cells; through their cargoes, EVs are capable of triggering signaling in recipient cells. In addition to their functions in the homeostatic state, EVs have gained attention because of their roles in pathological contexts, eventually contributing to disease progression. In the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, aside from the scientific race for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions, it is critical to understand the pathological mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, EVs are key players in the main processes of COVID-19. Thus, in this review, we highlight the role of EVs in the establishment of the viral infection and in the procoagulant state, cytokine storm, and immunoregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"2496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Seiko Carvalho","family":"Tahyra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo T.","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margolis, L., and Sadovsky, Y. 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