{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:07:30Z","timestamp":1789787250029,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["R.G.P. 2\/143\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P. 2\/143\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term use of Glucocorticoids produces skeletal muscle atrophy and microvascular rarefaction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a potential role in skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the mechanisms still need to be elucidated. This is the first study to explore the effect of Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) H2S donor, against Dexamethasone (Dex)-induced soleus muscle atrophy and microvascular rarefaction and on muscle endothelial progenitors and M2 macrophages. Rats received either; saline, Dex (0.6 mg\/Kg\/day), Dex + NaHS (5 mg\/Kg\/day), or Dex + Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a blocker of H2S (10 mg\/Kg\/day) for two weeks. The soleus muscle was examined for contractile properties. mRNA expression for Myostatin, Mechano-growth factor (MGF) and NADPH oxidase (NOX4), HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3, CD34 (Endothelial progenitor marker), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31 (endothelial marker), and CD163 (M2 macrophage marker) was performed. NaHS could improve the contractile properties and decrease oxidative stress, muscle atrophy, and the expression of NOX4, caspase-3, Myostatin, VEGF, and CD31 and could increase the capillary density and expression of MGF with a significant increase in expression of CD34 and CD163 as compared to Dex group. However, AOAA worsened the studied parameters. Therefore, H2S can be a promising target to attenuate muscle atrophy and microvascular rarefaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Targeting Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy and Microvascular Rarefaction, through Inhibition of NOX4 and Induction of MGF, M2 Macrophages and Endothelial Progenitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Adel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan Reda Hassan","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical therapy, Horus University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2494-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"El-Nablaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyad 71666, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Eladl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman Mohamad","family":"El Nashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5958-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Lafi","family":"Al-Otaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9685-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed R.","family":"Rabei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El Tor 46511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2102895118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102895118","article-title":"Identification of a KLF5-dependent program and drug development for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. 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