{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:32:25Z","timestamp":1792182745720,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM103639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM103639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences P20","award":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences P20","award":["GM103639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM103639"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences P20","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}]},{"name":"The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-1-0066"]}]},{"name":"The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["GM103639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM103639"]}]},{"name":"The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cellular signaling network involves co-ordinated regulation of numerous signaling molecules that aid the maintenance of cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Aberrant signaling plays a major role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Recent studies have unraveled the superfamily of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical signaling nodes in diverse signaling networks. Defective signaling by lncRNAs is emerging as a causative factor underlying the pathophysiology of many diseases. LncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the multiplexed regulation of diverse pathways through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. They can serve as decoys, guides, scaffolds, and effector molecules to regulate cell signaling. In comparison with the other classes of RNAs, lncRNAs possess unique structural modifications that contribute to their diversity in modes of action within the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of lncRNAs as well as their vivid mechanisms of action. Further, we provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of four major disease paradigms, namely cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancers, and the metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus. This review serves as a succinct treatise that could open windows to investigate the role of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1660511346000},"page":"2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Signaling by LncRNAs: Structure, Cellular Homeostasis, and Disease Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Revathy","family":"Nadhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Isidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Sang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny N.","family":"Dhanasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"On protein synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Crick","year":"1958","journal-title":"Symp. 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