{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:11:48Z","timestamp":1773306708855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Paula and Roger Riney Foundation","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Sheldon and Miriam Medical Research Foundation","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Foundation","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Dana Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE in Multiple Myeloma Career Enhancement Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA050947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA050947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA207237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA207237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA155258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA155258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPORE-P50CA100707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPORE-P50CA100707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R25CA174650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25CA174650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunological tolerance of myeloma cells represents a critical obstacle in achieving long-term disease-free survival for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Over the past two decades, remarkable preclinical efforts to understand MM biology have led to the clinical approval of several targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Among them, it is now clear that chemotherapy can also make cancer cells \u201cvisible\u201d to the immune system and thus reactivate anti-tumor immunity. This knowledge represents an important resource in the treatment paradigm of MM, whereas immune dysfunction constitutes a clear obstacle to the cure of the disease. In this review, we highlight the importance of defining the immunological effects of chemotherapy in MM with the goal of enhancing the clinical management of patients. This area of investigation will open new avenues of research to identify novel immunogenic anti-MM agents and inform the optimal integration of chemotherapy with immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1660511346000},"page":"2519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Promises and Challenges of Immunogenic Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3498-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delaney","family":"Vinaixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8760-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Turi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Carl","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Gulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.247015","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: The (r)evolution of current therapy and a glance into future","volume":"105","author":"Gulla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606368","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.606368","article-title":"Harnessing the Immune System Against Multiple Myeloma: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2216","article-title":"Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100008","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy","volume":"31","author":"Kroemer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0047","article-title":"Bortezomib induces anti-multiple myeloma immune response mediated by cGAS\/STING pathway activation","volume":"2","author":"Gulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01132-2","article-title":"Immunogenic cell stress and death","volume":"23","author":"Kroemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0413-z","article-title":"Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","article-title":"The danger model: A renewed sense of self","volume":"296","author":"Matzinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.09.006","article-title":"The Diversification of Cell Death and Immunity: Memento Mori","volume":"76","author":"Legrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-08-172734","article-title":"The proteasome load versus capacity balance determines apoptotic sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to proteasome inhibition","volume":"113","author":"Bianchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642195","article-title":"The integrated stress response","volume":"17","author":"Koryga","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0383-9","article-title":"Calreticulin and cancer","volume":"31","author":"Fucikova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0044-9","article-title":"eIF2alpha phosphorylation is pathognomonic for immunogenic cell death","volume":"25","author":"Bezu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1523","article-title":"Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death","volume":"13","author":"Obeid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-054221","article-title":"Bortezomib enhances dendritic cell (DC)-mediated induction of immunity to human myeloma via exposure of cell surface heat shock protein 90 on dying tumor cells: Therapeutic implications","volume":"109","author":"Spisek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0035","article-title":"Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) Drives Immunogenic Cell Death and Immune-mediated Antitumor Responses In Vivo","volume":"20","author":"Alavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1484981","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1484981","article-title":"Epigenetic treatment of multiple myeloma mediates tumor intrinsic and extrinsic immunomodulatory effects","volume":"7","author":"Melhaoui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000337","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000337","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death","volume":"8","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108863","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108863","article-title":"Autophagy in major human diseases","volume":"40","author":"Klionsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6889","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0161","article-title":"Efficient cross-presentation depends on autophagy in tumor cells","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.003","article-title":"Autophagy in the cancer-immunity dialogue","volume":"169","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00344-2","article-title":"Autophagy in tumour immunity and therapy","volume":"21","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0292","article-title":"Targeting Autophagy in Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions","volume":"9","author":"Amaravadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14356","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy: Present and emerging inducers","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208347","article-title":"Autophagy-dependent anticancer immune responses induced by chemotherapeutic agents in mice","volume":"334","author":"Michaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108130","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108130","article-title":"ATP and cancer immunosurveillance","volume":"40","author":"Kepp","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385526-8.00008-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide release","volume":"61","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2028","article-title":"Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors","volume":"15","author":"Ghiringhelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2224","article-title":"Inflammasomes in carcinogenesis and anticancer immune responses","volume":"13","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1154244","article-title":"The presence of LC3B puncta and HMGB1 expression in malignant cells correlate with the immune infiltrate in breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ladoire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.05.016","article-title":"Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance","volume":"30","author":"Pietrocola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145207","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.145207","article-title":"Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies enhance the anticancer effects of PD-1 blockade","volume":"6","author":"Ferrere","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3025","article-title":"Autophagy is essential for effector CD8(+) T cell survival and memory formation","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2017.06.002","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in multiple myeloma","volume":"59","author":"Yun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3708","article-title":"Cancer cell-autonomous contribution of type I interferon signaling to the efficacy of chemotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Sistigu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23470","article-title":"Mitotic progression following DNA damage enables pattern recognition within micronuclei","volume":"548","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0751-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA drives abscopal responses to radiation that are inhibited by autophagy","volume":"21","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3845","article-title":"Type I interferons in anticancer immunity","volume":"15","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1462","article-title":"IFN-alpha skews monocytes into CD56+-expressing dendritic cells with potent functional activities in vitro and in vivo","volume":"180","author":"Papewalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06512.x","article-title":"The expression of cytotoxic mediators is altered in mononuclear cells of patients with melanoma and increased by interferon-alpha treatment","volume":"152","author":"Guillot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilander, M., Kreutzman, A., Rohon, P., Melo, T., Faber, E., Porkka, K., Vakkila, J., and Mustjoki, S. (2014). Enlarged memory T-cell pool and enhanced Th1-type responses in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who have successfully discontinued IFN-alpha monotherapy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087794"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.003","article-title":"Type I interferons protect T cells against NK cell attack mediated by the activating receptor NCR1","volume":"40","author":"Crouse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.004","article-title":"Type I interferon protects antiviral CD8+ T cells from NK cell cytotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-3788","article-title":"Interferon-alpha suppresses cAMP to disarm human regulatory T cells","volume":"73","author":"Bacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-017-0081-6","article-title":"Interferon-alpha-based immunotherapies in the treatment of B cell-derived hematologic neoplasms in today\u2019s treat-to-target era","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.015","article-title":"Decoding cell death signals in inflammation and immunity","volume":"140","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2015.00087","article-title":"High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 (HMGB1): The Prototypical Endogenous Danger Molecule","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00858","article-title":"Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation","volume":"418","author":"Scaffidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1622","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Apetoh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0779","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity requires formyl peptide receptor 1","volume":"350","author":"Vacchelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.005","article-title":"Update on Tumor Neoantigens and Their Utility: Why It Is Good to Be Different","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10755","article-title":"Cancer exome analysis reveals a T-cell-dependent mechanism of cancer immunoediting","volume":"482","author":"Matsushita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1509","article-title":"Targeting the Heterogeneity of Cancer with Individualized Neoepitope Vaccines","volume":"22","author":"Tureci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2309","article-title":"Mutation-derived Neoantigen-specific T-cell Responses in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Perumal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3997","article-title":"Heterogeneity of genomic evolution and mutational profiles in multiple myeloma","volume":"5","author":"Bolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-640532","article-title":"The antigenic landscape of multiple myeloma: Mass spectrometry (re)defines targets for T-cell-based immunotherapy","volume":"126","author":"Walz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2013.814637","article-title":"Genomic instability in multiple myeloma: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Neri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-089193","article-title":"Dysfunctional homologous recombination mediates genomic instability and progression in myeloma","volume":"113","author":"Shammas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00461","article-title":"Genome-Wide Somatic Alterations in Multiple Myeloma Reveal a Superior Outcome Group","volume":"38","author":"Samur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e612","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.94","article-title":"High somatic mutation and neoantigen burden are correlated with decreased progression-free survival in multiple myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00339-z","article-title":"Antigen presentation in cancer: Insights into tumour immunogenicity and immune evasion","volume":"21","author":"Jhunjhunwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0391-5","article-title":"Constitutive immune mechanisms: Mediators of host defence and immune regulation","volume":"21","author":"Paludan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2089","article-title":"Antitumor immunity triggered by melphalan is potentiated by melanoma cell surface-associated calreticulin","volume":"75","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401894","article-title":"Alkylating agent melphalan augments the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-specific CD4+ T cells","volume":"194","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2111","article-title":"How to Train Your T Cells: Overcoming Immune Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0053-3","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals compromised immune microenvironment in precursor stages of multiple myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Zavidij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.001","article-title":"Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution","volume":"171","author":"McGranahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17864-2_3","article-title":"HLA Class-I Expression and Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"1151","author":"Garrido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1422","article-title":"HLA class I, NKG2D, and natural cytotoxicity receptors regulate multiple myeloma cell recognition by natural killer cells","volume":"105","author":"Carbone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21177-5","article-title":"Biallelic loss of BCMA as a resistance mechanism to CAR T cell therapy in a patient with multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Samur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02134","article-title":"CD38 Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Mechanisms of Action and Modes of Resistance","volume":"9","author":"Usmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0402","article-title":"Pharmacologic Suppression of B7-H4 Glycosylation Restores Antitumor Immunity in Immune-Cold Breast Cancers","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-731737","article-title":"Calreticulin exposure by malignant blasts correlates with robust anticancer immunity and improved clinical outcome in AML patients","volume":"128","author":"Fucikova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.11.004","article-title":"Immunosuppression by Mutated Calreticulin Released from Malignant Cells","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.12.023","article-title":"Stanniocalcin 1 is a phagocytosis checkpoint driving tumor immune resistance","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05211-7","article-title":"Programmed cell removal by calreticulin in tissue homeostasis and cancer","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Muz, B., Alhallak, K., Markovic, M., Gurley, S., Wang, Z., Guenthner, N., Wasden, K., Fiala, M., and King, J. (2020). Targeting CD47 as a Novel Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020305"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0042-2","article-title":"The autophagic network and cancer","volume":"20","author":"Rybstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0382-2","article-title":"The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology","volume":"17","author":"Allard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0376-4","article-title":"Targeting CD39 in cancer","volume":"20","author":"Moesta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1647760","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1647760","article-title":"Contribution of annexin A1 to anticancer immunosurveillance","volume":"8","author":"Baracco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127807","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127807","article-title":"Early alterations in stem-like\/resident T cells, innate and myeloid cells in the bone marrow in preneoplastic gammopathy","volume":"5","author":"Bailur","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-08-3101","article-title":"Dysfunctional T regulatory cells in multiple myeloma","volume":"107","author":"Prabhala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-143222","article-title":"Dendritic cells mediate the induction of polyfunctional human IL17-producing cells (Th17-1 cells) enriched in the bone marrow of patients with myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-246660","article-title":"Elevated IL-17 produced by TH17 cells promotes myeloma cell growth and inhibits immune function in multiple myeloma","volume":"115","author":"Prabhala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.46","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3465-8","article-title":"Glucocorticoids in multiple myeloma: Past, present, and future","volume":"98","author":"Burwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0566-4","article-title":"Stress-glucocorticoid-TSC22D3 axis compromises therapy-induced antitumor immunity","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.04.567","article-title":"Glucocorticoids severely impair differentiation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells despite upregulation of Toll-like receptors","volume":"120","author":"Rozkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-037846","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the methylprednisolone-mediated inhibition of NK-cell function: Evidence for different susceptibility of IL-2- versus IL-15-activated NK cells","volume":"109","author":"Chiossone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180595","article-title":"Immune regulation by glucocorticoids can be linked to cell type-dependent transcriptional responses","volume":"216","author":"Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0809-x","article-title":"Immunomodulatory drugs activate NK cells via both Zap-70 and cereblon-dependent pathways","volume":"35","author":"Hideshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0062-8","article-title":"Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor ACY241 enhances anti-tumor activities of antigen-specific central memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes against multiple myeloma and solid tumors","volume":"32","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9707-8","article-title":"The proteasome and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.500","article-title":"Restoration of the immunogenicity of cisplatin-induced cancer cell death by endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"30","author":"Martins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.23.10191","article-title":"Disruption of the PP1\/GADD34 complex induces calreticulin exposure","volume":"8","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0465","article-title":"A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amouzegar, A., Chelvanambi, M., Filderman, J.N., Storkus, W.J., and Luke, J.J. (2021). STING Agonists as Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112695"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.9789","article-title":"Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancy: Preliminary Results of a Phase Ib Study","volume":"34","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e439","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30149-8","article-title":"The future of checkpoint inhibition in multiple myeloma?","volume":"6","author":"Costello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/16\/2519\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:08:30Z","timestamp":1760141310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/16\/2519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11162519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11162519","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]}}}