{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:42:52Z","timestamp":1791513772299,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF17003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF17003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF18500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF18500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) plays a key role in metabolism and is an important therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. Recent studies in experimental animals have shown that certain subsets of T cells express functional GLP-1R, indicating an immune regulatory role of GLP-1. In contrast, less is known about the expression and function of the GLP-1R in human T cells. Here, we provide evidence that activated human T cells express GLP-1R. The expressed GLP-1R was functional, as stimulation with a GLP-1R agonist triggered an increase in intracellular cAMP, which was abrogated by a GLP-1R antagonist. Analysis of CD4+ T cells activated under T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation conditions indicated that GLP-1R expression was most pronounced in induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Through multimodal single-cell CITE- and TCR-sequencing, we detected GLP-1R expression in 29\u201334% of the FoxP3+CD25+CD127- iTreg cells. GLP-1R+ cells showed no difference in their TCR-gene usage nor CDR3 lengths. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of GLP-1R+CD4+ T cells in skin from patients with allergic contact dermatitis. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that T cell activation triggers the expression of functional GLP-1R in human CD4+ T cells. Given the high induction of GLP-1R in human iTreg cells, we hypothesize that GLP-1R+ iTreg cells play a key role in the anti-inflammatory effects ascribed to GLP-1R agonists in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"2587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Induced Human Regulatory T Cells Express the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna K. O.","family":"Rode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7180-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terkild Brink","family":"Buus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8841-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Mraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Abdul Hassan","family":"Al-Jaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Villalba","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayne L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin 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Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Dragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9600-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette M.","family":"Rosenkilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Woetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lone","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3135-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"\u00d8dum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8472-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00434.x","article-title":"Comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension: Mechanisms and approach to target organ protection","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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