{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:08:06Z","timestamp":1790298486445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SL01\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SL01\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA MoH-2022-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA MoH-2022-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SL01\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SL01\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA MoH-2022-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA MoH-2022-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 are involved in several innate immune responses and are expressed mainly in dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Dectin-1 activation exacerbates obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance\/type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of Dectin-2 is not clear in T2D. This study aims to evaluate the expression and function of Dectin-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls. Flow-cytometry and qRT-PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of Dectin-2 in different leukocyte subpopulations isolated from T2D patients (n = 10) and matched non-diabetic controls (n = 11). The functional activity of Dectin-2 was identified in PBMCs. CRP, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 concentrations were determined by ELISA. siRNA transfection and Western blotting were performed to assess p-Syk and p-NF-kB expression. siRNA transfection was performed to knock down the gene of interest. Our results show that Dectin-2 expression was the highest in monocytes compared with other leukocyte subpopulations. The expression of Dectin-2 was significantly increased in the monocytes of T2D patients compared with non-diabetic controls. Dectin-2 expression positively correlated with markers of glucose homeostasis, including HOMA-IR and HbA1c. The expression of inflammatory markers was elevated in the PBMCs of T2D patients. Interestingly, SOCS3, a negative regulator of inflammation, was expressed significantly lowlier in the PBMCs of T2D patients. Moreover, SOCS3 expression was negatively correlated with Dectin-2 expression level. The further analysis of inflammatory signaling pathways showed a persistent activation of the Dectin-2-Syk-NFkB pathway that was instigated by the diminished expression of SOCS3. Dectin-2 activation failed to induce SOCS3 expression and suppress subsequent inflammatory responses in the PBMCs of diabetic patients. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SOCS3 in PBMCs displayed a similar inflammatory phenotype to diabetic PBMCs when exposed to Dectin-2 ligands. Altogether, our findings suggest that elevated Dectin-2 and its relationship with SOCS3 could be involved in the abnormal immune response observed in T2D patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T21:22:56Z","timestamp":1661721776000},"page":"2670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["SOCS3 Regulates Dectin-2-Induced Inflammation in PBMCs of Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed J. A.","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahraa","family":"Albaqsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahd","family":"Al-Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasheed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5825-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema","family":"Al-Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2018.33.1","article-title":"The role of inflammation in diabetes: Current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Tsalamandris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Cardiol. 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