{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:03:57Z","timestamp":1783119837297,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review aims to analyze the outcomes of the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular pain (AP) and restricted maximum mouth opening (MMO) with intra-articular administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The inclusion criteria allowed primary studies involving AP and\/or MMO pre-treatment and post-intervention values. Medical databases that were covered by ACM Digital, BASE, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science engines were searched. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The results were tabulated, plotted, and analyzed for regression. A total of 5 studies involving 51 patients\/69 TMJs were identified, and 4 studies on 50 patients\/67 TMJs were synthesized. Interventions were each time effective in decreasing AP and increasing MMO in a 6-month follow-up period by an average of about 85% and over 40%, respectively. Regression analysis showed a good fit of the logarithmic model for AP relief (5.8 \u2212 0.8 ln x; R2 = 0.90) and MMO increase (33.5 + 2.4 ln x; R2 = 0.89). The results for AP and MMO were based on 3 studies in 39 patients and 4 studies in 50 patients, respectively, all at high risk of bias. The intra-articular administration of MSCs to TMJs, based on weak evidence, may be highly effective in reducing AP and improving MMO. This study received no funding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T21:25:18Z","timestamp":1661894718000},"page":"2709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Autologous Stem Cells Transplants in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joints Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8075-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Turosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ortomania, Bartosza G\u0142owackiego 6\/1, 30-085 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Aleja IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta sq.2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.08.006","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Current Clinical Applications: A Systematic Review","volume":"52","author":"Caplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, F., Zhou, A., Feng, S., Li, Y., and Liu, T. (2018). Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Paraquat Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194748"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapetanos, K., Asimakopoulos, D., Christodoulou, N., Vogt, A., and Khan, W. (2021). Chronological Age Affects MSC Senescence In Vitro\u2014A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157945"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2017019380","article-title":"Modeling Mesenchymal Stem Cells in TMJ Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Therapy","volume":"27","author":"Serakinci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"121","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03361-z","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Hypertrophic and Keloid Scars","volume":"383","author":"Bojanic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chihaby, N., Orliaguet, M., Le Pottier, L., Pers, J.-O., and Boisram\u00e9, S. (2021). Treatment of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910474"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v12.i8.879","article-title":"Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso-Goulart, V., Carvalho, L.N., Marinho, A.L.G., de Oliveira Souza, B.L., de Aquino Pinto Palis, G., Lage, H.G.D., de Lima, I.L., Guimar\u00e3es, L.D., Peres, L.C., and Silveira, M.M. (2021). Biomaterials and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164641"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Luo, C., Zhang, J., Wei, L., Sun, W., Xie, Q., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Xu, S., and Wang, L. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Infusion in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02304-x"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, L., Yu, G., Yang, K., Xiang, W., Li, J., and Chen, H. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Stem Cells Int., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9463314"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"To, K., Romain, K., Mak, C., Kamaraj, A., Henson, F., and Khan, W. (2020). The Treatment of Cartilage Damage Using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Systematic Review of in Vivo Studies. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00580"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc17061","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Liu, W., Bai, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Lin, S., and He, H. (2021). Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J. Transl. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02843-0"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, S.H.S., Wong, J.R.Y., Sim, S.J.Y., Tjio, C.K.E., Wong, K.L., Chew, J.R.J., Hui, J.H.P., and Toh, W.S. (2020). Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Bone Regenerative Strategies\u2014A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Mater. Today Bio., 7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2020.100067"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yazhen, Z., Wenyi, C., Bing, F., and Hongcui, C. (2020). The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0421"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kvistad, C.E., Kr\u00e5kenes, T., Gjerde, C., Mustafa, K., Rekand, T., and B\u00f8, L. (2022). Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Neurol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.891514"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliorini, F., Eschweiler, J., Goetze, C., Pastor, T., Giorgino, R., Hildebrand, F., and Maffulli, N. (2022). Cell Therapies for Chondral Defects of the Talus: A Systematic Review. J. Orthop. Surg., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03203-4"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik, D., Luck, J., Smith, O.J., and Mosahebi, A. (2020). A Systematic Review of Autologous Fat Grafting in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Cutaneous Wounds. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open, Publish Ahead of Print.","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002835"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.08.023","article-title":"Autologous Fat Transfer to Treat Fibrosis and Scar-Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"73","author":"Krastev","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pak, J., Lee, J., Pak, N., Pak, Y., Park, K., Jeon, J., Jeong, B., and Lee, S. (2018). Cartilage Regeneration in Humans with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells: Updated Status. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072146"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jankauskaite, L., Malinauskas, M., Aukstikalne, L., Dabasinskaite, L., Rimkunas, A., Mickevicius, T., Pockevi\u010dius, A., Krugly, E., Martuzevicius, D., and Ciuzas, D. (2022). Functionalized Electrospun Scaffold\u2013Human-Muscle-Derived Stem Cell Construct Promotes In Vivo Neocartilage Formation. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122498"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheng, R., Chen, J., Wang, H., Luo, Y., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Mo, Q., Chi, J., Ling, C., and Tan, X. (2022). Nanosilicate-Reinforced Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Endogenous Regeneration of Both Cartilage and Subchondral Bone. Adv. Healthc. Mater.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200602"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"3488","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Hu, Y., Wang, Z., Wu, X., Yang, C., and Yang, H. (2022). Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression Is Related to Apoptosis and Cartilage Degradation in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05544-x"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Czerwi\u0144ska-Niezabitowska, B., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M.A., Sielski, M., and Chlubek, D. (2020). Short-Term Effects of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061749"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Sielski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., Czerwi\u0144ska-Niezabitowska, B., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Repeated Intra-Articular Administration of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinical Case Series. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154281"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"3","article-title":"Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"Bitiniene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"576","article-title":"Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin as Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillo-Fac. Surg. Off. Publ. Eur. Assoc. Cranio-Maxillo-Fac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., and Chlubek, D. (2021). Retro-Auricular Approach to the Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020230"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., and Chlubek, D. (2021). Variants and Modifications of the Retroauricular Approach Using in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102049"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derwich, M., Mitus-Kenig, M., and Pawlowska, E. (2021). Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid, Corticosteroids and Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis\u2014A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147405"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Nowak, Z., and Chlubek, D. (2022). The Administration of Hyaluronic Acid into the Temporomandibular Joints\u2019 Cavities Increases the Mandible\u2019s Mobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071901"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00442","article-title":"Inflammation and Temporomandibular Joint Derangement","volume":"42","author":"Ibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Nowak, Z., Sikora, M., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Treatment of Mandibular Hypomobility by Injections into the Temporomandibular Joints: A Systematic Review of the Substances Used. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092305"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pihut, M., Szuta, M., Ferendiuk, E., and Ze\u0144czak-Wi\u0119ckiewicz, D. (2014). Evaluation of Pain Regression in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction Treated by Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: A Preliminary Report. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/132369"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1194616","article-title":"Effect of Methylprednisolone, Hyaluronic Acid and Pioglitazone on Histological Remodeling of Temporomandibular Joint Cartilage in Rabbits Affected by Drug-Induced Osteoarthritis","volume":"70","author":"Trybek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw. Online"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"343","article-title":"The Effect of Ozone (O3) versus Hyaluronic Acid on Pain and Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kachooei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516670709","article-title":"PRP for Degenerative Cartilage Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies","volume":"8","author":"Laver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavone, V., Vescio, A., Turchetta, M., Giardina, S.M.C., Culmone, A., and Testa, G. (2021). Injection-Based Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Guidelines. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.661805"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, M., Bhandari, M., Grant, J., Bedi, A., Trojian, T., Johnson, A., and Schemitsch, E. (2021). A Systematic Review of Current Clinical Practice Guidelines on Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid, Corticosteroid, and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: An International Perspective. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 9.","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211030272"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2007.01759.x","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: An Evaluation of the Effects and Complications of Corticosteroid Injection Compared with Injection with Sodium Hyaluronate","volume":"34","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1581-2","article-title":"Use and Accuracy of US Guidance for Image-Guided Injections of the Temporomandibular Joints in Children with Arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Parra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.11.003","article-title":"Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injections to the Temporomandibular Joints Are Safe and Appear to Be Effective Therapy in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Stoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.07.174","article-title":"Subcutaneous Lipoatrophy and Skin Depigmentation Secondary to TMJ Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection","volume":"75","author":"Alvarado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12718","article-title":"Pain Relief Following a Single-dose Intra-articular Injection of Methylprednisolone in the Temporomandibular Joint Arthralgia\u2014A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"46","author":"Isacsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-015-9604-x","article-title":"Stem Cells for Temporomandibular Joint Repair and Regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satu\u00e9, M., Sch\u00fcler, C., Ginner, N., and Erben, R.G. (2019). Intra-Articularly Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Cartilage Regeneration, but Do Not Permanently Engraft in Distant Organs. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46554-5"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.11.001","article-title":"Articular Cartilage Regeneration: The Role of Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem\/Progenitor Cell Recruitment and Migration","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Embree, M.C., Chen, M., Pylawka, S., Kong, D., Iwaoka, G.M., Kalajzic, I., Yao, H., Shi, C., Sun, D., and Sheu, T.-J. (2016). Exploiting Endogenous Fibrocartilage Stem Cells to Regenerate Cartilage and Repair Joint Injury. Nat. Commun., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13073"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.111.BJR-2021-0059.R1","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Attenuated Interleukin-1\u03b2-Induced Chondrogenesis Inhibition in Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Cui, C., Li, P., Bi, R., Lyu, P., Li, Y., and Zhu, S. (2021). Fibrocartilage Stem Cells in the Temporomandibular Joint: Insights from Animal and Human Studies. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.665995"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.02.835","article-title":"Identification of Human Temporomandibular Joint Fibrocartilage Stem Cells with Distinct Chondrogenic Capacity","volume":"28","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Luo, H., Wang, R., Kang, Y., Liao, W., Sun, Y., Chen, G., and Shao, L. (2020). Rapamycin-Induced Autophagy Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Temporomandibular Joint in Response to IL-1\u03b2. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4035306"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004884","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders Clinical and Anatomical Outcomes After Fat-Derived Stem Cells Injection","volume":"30","author":"Carboni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004938","article-title":"Assessment of Therapeutic Effect of Intra-Articular Nanofat Injection for Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"30","author":"Mahmmood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.025","article-title":"Bone Marrow Nucleated Cell Concentrate Autograft in Temporomandibular Joint Degenerative Disorders: 1-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"47","author":"Vaira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23332","article-title":"Laser-Induced Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Cells","volume":"53","author":"Karic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2019.4790","article-title":"Photobiomodulation and Stem Cell Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders","volume":"38","author":"Karic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photobiomodulation Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liau, L.L., Looi, Q.H., Chia, W.C., Subramaniam, T., Ng, M.H., and Law, J.X. (2020). Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Biosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00475-3"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molnar, V., Paveli\u0107, E., Vrdoljak, K., \u010cemerin, M., Klari\u0107, E., Mati\u0161i\u0107, V., Bjelica, R., Brlek, P., Kova\u010di\u0107, I., and Tremolada, C. (2022). Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060949"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagotto, L.E.C., de Santana Santos, T., and Pastore, G.P. (2021). The Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerating Structures Associated with the Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review. Arch. Oral Biol., 125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105104"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.M., Akl, E.A., and Brennan, S.E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. BMJ, 372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2007-7","article-title":"Chapter 2: Medical Tests Guidance (2) Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: Utility of PICOTS, Analytic Frameworks, Decision Trees, and Other Frameworks","volume":"27","author":"Samson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). About ACM. Available online: https:\/\/www.acm.org\/about-acm."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). BASE\u2014Bielefeld Academic Search Engine|What Is BASE?. Available online: https:\/\/www.base-search.net\/about\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2022, June 30). EBSCOhost Research Platform|EBSCO. Available online: https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/products\/ebscohost-research-platform."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). About Google Scholar. Available online: https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/intl\/en\/scholar\/about.html."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). About. PubMed Overview, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2022, June 30). About|Elsevier Scopus Blog. Available online: https:\/\/blog.scopus.com\/about."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Matthews, T. (2022, June 30). LibGuides: Resources for Librarians: Web of Science Coverage Details. Available online: https:\/\/clarivate.libguides.com\/librarianresources\/coverage."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., and Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan\u2014A Web and Mobile App for Systematic Reviews. Syst. Rev., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne, J.A.C., Savovi\u0107, J., Page, M.J., Elbers, R.G., Blencowe, N.S., Boutron, I., Cates, C.J., Cheng, H.-Y., Corbett, M.S., and Eldridge, S.M. (2019). RoB 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials. BMJ, 366.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne, J.A., Hern\u00e1n, M.A., Reeves, B.C., Savovi\u0107, J., Berkman, N.D., Viswanathan, M., Henry, D., Altman, D.G., Ansari, M.T., and Boutron, I. (2016). ROBINS-I: A Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions. BMJ, 355.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.01.038","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis and Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Injection for the Treatment of Internal Derangement and Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"79","author":"Sembronio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza Tesch, R., Takamori, E.R., Menezes, K., Carias, R.B.V., Dutra, C.L.M., de Freitas Aguiar, M., de Sousa Torraca, T.S., Senegaglia, A.C., Rebelatto, C.L.K., and Daga, D.R. (2018). Temporomandibular Joint Regeneration: Proposal of a Novel Treatment for Condylar Resorption after Orthognathic Surgery Using Transplantation of Autologous Nasal Septum Chondrocytes, and the First Human Case Report. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0806-4"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sit, R.W.-S., Reeves, K.D., Zhong, C.C., Wong, C.H.L., Wang, B., Chung, V.C., Wong, S.Y., and Rabago, D. (2021). Efficacy of Hypertonic Dextrose Injection (Prolotherapy) in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94119-2"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.01.009","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Courses of Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review","volume":"48","author":"Altman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katagiri, W., Endo, S., Takeuchi, R., Suda, D., Saito, N., and Kobayashi, T. (2021). Conditioned Medium from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Condylar Resorption Induced by Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model. Heliyon, 7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06530"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"3","article-title":"Morphological Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Pulsed Ultrasound on Condylar Growth in Rats: A Pilot Study","volume":"29","author":"Oyonarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. Orthod. J."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000678","article-title":"Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis with Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"99","author":"Vega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0157","article-title":"Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients by a Composite of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hyaluronate Hydrogel: Results from a Clinical Trial for Safety and Proof-of-Concept with 7 Years of Extended Follow-Up","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., and Xie, L. (2021). An Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Centered Therapies in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Int., 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6619527"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2832","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 Impedes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Human Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000209919.90630.7b","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Organ Transplant Model","volume":"81","author":"Inoue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waterman, R.S., Tomchuck, S.L., Henkle, S.L., and Betancourt, A.M. (2010). A New Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Paradigm: Polarization into a pro-Inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 Phenotype. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010088"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holm, J.S., Toyserkani, N.M., and Sorensen, J.A. (2018). Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Chronic Ulcers: Current Status. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0887-0"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0805-3","article-title":"Ocular Complications Following Autologous Fat Injections into Facial Area: Case Report of a Recovery from Visual Loss After Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion and a Review of the Literature","volume":"41","author":"Szantyr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitecka-Buchta, A., Walczynska-Dragon, K., Kempa, W.M., and Baron, S. (2019). Platelet-Rich Plasma Intramuscular Injections\u2014Antinociceptive Therapy in Myofascial Pain Within Masseter Muscles in Temporomandibular Disorders Patients: A Pilot Study. Front. Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00250"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitecka-Buchta, A., Walczynska-Dragon, K., Batko-Kapustecka, J., and Wieckiewicz, M. (2018). Comparison between Collagen and Lidocaine Intramuscular Injections in Terms of Their Efficiency in Decreasing Myofascial Pain within Masseter Muscles: A Randomized, Single-Blind Controlled Trial. Pain Res. Manag., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8261090"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, Z., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nitecka-Buchta, A., Bulanda, S., Ilczuk-Rypu\u0142a, D., Postek-Stefa\u0144ska, L., and Baron, S. (2021). Intramuscular Injections and Dry Needling within Masticatory Muscles in Management of Myofascial Pain. Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189552"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitecka-Buchta, A., Nowak-Wachol, A., Wachol, K., Walczy\u0144ska-Dragon, K., Olczyk, P., Batoryna, O., Kempa, W., and Baron, S. (2019). Myorelaxant Effect of Transdermal Cannabidiol Application in Patients with TMD: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111886"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walczy\u0144ska-Dragon, K., Baron, S., Nitecka-Buchta, A., and Tkacz, E. (2014). Correlation between TMD and Cervical Spine Pain and Mobility: Is the Whole Body Balance TMJ Related?. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/582414"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Sielski, M., and Chlubek, D. (2020). The Use of 3D Titanium Miniplates in Surgical Treatment of Patients with Condylar Fractures. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092923"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Sikora, M., Nowak, Z., Karwan, S., and Chlubek, D. (2022). The Effect of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles Addition on the Mechanical Parameters of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14051047"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.3023","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin for Treating Temporomandibular Disorders: What Is the Evidence?","volume":"36","author":"Delcanho","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Olszowski, T., and Chlubek, D. (2021). The Use of Titanium 3D Mini-Plates in the Surgical Treatment of Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163604"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"217","article-title":"CGRP Plasma Level Changes in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Treated with Occlusal Splints\u2014A Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"65","author":"Marek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Sousa, D.F.M., Malavazzi, T.C.D.S., Deana, A.M., Horliana, A.C.R.T., Fernandes, K.P.S., Bussadori, S.K., and Mesquita-Ferrari, R.A. (2022). Simultaneous Red and Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Reduced Pain in Individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial. Lasers Med. Sci.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03600-5"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi, F.Y., Castelo, P.M., Politti, F., Rocha, M.M., Beltramin, R.Z., Salgueiro, M.D.C.C., Gon\u00e7alves, M.L.L., Nammour, S., Brugnera J\u00fanior, A., and Sfalcin, R.A. (2022). Immediate Evaluation of the Effect of Infrared LED Photobiomodulation on Childhood Sleep Bruxism: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12070964"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, E.D.B.M., Basting, R.T., Abdalla, H.B., Garcez, A.S., Napimoga, M.H., and Clemente-Napimoga, J.T. (2021). Photobiomodulation Inhibits Inflammation in the Temporomandibular Joint of Rats. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 222.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112281"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02841-1","article-title":"Intraoral Photobiomodulation Diminishes Pain and Improves Functioning in Women with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial: Intraoral Photobiomodulation Diminishes Pain in Women with Temporomandibular Disorder","volume":"35","author":"Herpich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03269-2","article-title":"Orofacial Evaluation of Individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder after LED Therapy Associated or Not of Occlusal Splint: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Study","volume":"36","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitecka-Buchta, A., Buchta, P., Tabe\u0144ska-Bosakowska, E., Walczy\u0144ska-Drago\u0144, K., and Baron, S. (2014). Myorelaxant Effect of Bee Venom Topical Skin Application in Patients with RDC\/TMD Ia and RDC\/TMD Ib: A Randomized, Double Blinded Study. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/296053"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montes-Carmona, J.-F., Gonzalez-Perez, L.-M., and Infante-Cossio, P. (2020). Treatment of Localized and Referred Masticatory Myofascial Pain with Botulinum Toxin Injection. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010006"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3302","article-title":"Regeneration of Temporomandibular Joint Using in Vitro Human Stem Cells: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.05.030","article-title":"Effect of in Vitro Chondrogenic Differentiation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cartilage and Subchondral Cancellous Bone Repair in Osteoarthritis of Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.05.001","article-title":"Impact of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Degenerative Changes of Articulating Surfaces Associated with the Arthritic Temporomandibular Joint: An Experimental Study in Rabbits","volume":"75","author":"Zaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12533","article-title":"Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Healing of Temporomandibular Joints in Rats with Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"126","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hnke, R., Ahlers, M.O., Birkelbach, M.A., Ewald, F., Krueger, M., Fiedler, I., Busse, B., Heiland, M., Vollkommer, T., and Gosau, M. (2021). Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Regenerative Treatment by a Stem Cell Containing Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP)\u2014An In Vivo Animal Trial. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010443"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.05.006","article-title":"Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis and Regeneration of Cartilage\/Osteochondral Defects: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Experiments","volume":"30","author":"Matheus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.07.028","article-title":"Intra-Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes and Evidence of Cartilage Repair","volume":"35","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.47","article-title":"A Novel Method for the Extraction and Culture of Progenitor Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood for Use in Regenerative Medicine","volume":"58","author":"Punshon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, R., Yang, Z.-Y., Li, Y.-H., and Zhou, Z. (2022). Promotes Endothelial Differentiation and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Activating Piezo1. Int. J. Stem Cells, Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc22024"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.03.010","article-title":"Factors Secreted from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Show Multifaceted Benefits for Treating Experimental Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Ogasawara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarda-Nardini, L., Trojan, D., Montagner, G., Cogliati, E., Bendini, M., and Manfredini, D. (2019). Human Amniotic Membrane Positioning in the Surgical Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Degenerative Disorder. Case Rep. Surg., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6037191"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.08.053","article-title":"Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Lysate: A New Biologic Injection for Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Ward","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.02.015","article-title":"NEL-like Molecule-1-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells\/Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Composite Improves Repair of Large Osteochondral Defects in Mandibular Condyle","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/17\/2709\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:20:39Z","timestamp":1760142039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/17\/2709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11172709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]}}}