{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:33:52Z","timestamp":1790836432925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY019949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY019949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY025061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY025061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY030970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NGR G2019302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGR G2019302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"Brightfocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY019949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY019949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"Brightfocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY025061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY025061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"Brightfocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY030970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"Brightfocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NGR G2019302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGR G2019302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) is the physical contact site between the ER and the mitochondria and plays a vital role in the regulation of calcium signaling, bioenergetics, and inflammation. Disturbances in these processes and dysregulation of the ER and mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, few studies have examined the impact of diabetes on the retinal MAM and its implication in DR pathogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the proteomic changes in retinal MAM from Long Evans rats with streptozotocin-induced long-term Type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, we performed in-depth bioinformatic analysis to identify key MAM proteins and pathways that are potentially implicated in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration. A total of 2664 unique proteins were quantified using IonStar proteomics-pipeline in rat retinal MAM, among which 179 proteins showed significant changes in diabetes. Functional annotation revealed that the 179 proteins are involved in important biological processes such as cell survival, inflammatory response, and cellular maintenance, as well as multiple disease-relevant signaling pathways, e.g., integrin signaling, leukocyte extravasation, PPAR, PTEN, and RhoGDI signaling. Our study provides comprehensive information on MAM protein changes in diabetic retinas, which is helpful for understanding the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction and retinal cell injury in DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1662699281000},"page":"2819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Proteomic Analysis of Retinal Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes Identified Novel Proteins of Retinal Degeneration in Long-Term Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1605-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Sophia","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Dhimal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xixiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and VIP Medical Service Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah X.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S84","article-title":"American Diabetes A: Retinopathy in diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Fong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2013.1662.x","article-title":"Pure neuroretinal dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy occurring prior to endothelial and vascular damage","volume":"91","author":"Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2641","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association","volume":"40","author":"Solomon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy: Does it really matter?","volume":"61","author":"Simo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4696-x","article-title":"BTBR ob\/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes exhibits early loss of retinal function and retinal inflammation followed by late vascular changes","volume":"61","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24955","article-title":"Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers (DRIL) and Neuroretinal Dysfunction in Early Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"59","author":"Joltikov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000088382","article-title":"Detection of early diabetic change with optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy","volume":"219","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1962.00960030023005","article-title":"Electroretinogram in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"68","author":"Yonemura","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050010055018","article-title":"Contrast Sensitivity in Diabetics with and without Background Retinopathy","volume":"103","author":"Sokol","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.2350","article-title":"Disorganization of the retinal inner layers as a predictor of visual acuity in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema","volume":"132","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0782","article-title":"Neural Retinal Disorganization as a Robust Marker of Visual Acuity in Current and Resolved Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2425","article-title":"Neural apoptosis in the retina during experimental and human diabetes. Early onset and effect of insulin","volume":"102","author":"Barber","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1581","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: Mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal capillary cell death","volume":"7","author":"Kowluru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.04.007","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is implicated in Retinal Inflammation and Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"583","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1057","article-title":"Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by Lovastatin downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and ameliorates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in db\/db mice: Role of NADPH oxidase","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0315","article-title":"Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Hyperglycemia Is Essential for Muller Cell-Derived Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2594-1","article-title":"Activating transcription factor 4 mediates hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial inflammation and retinal vascular leakage through activation of STAT3 in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.04.015","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein responses in retinal degeneration","volume":"125C","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.603738","article-title":"Activation of the UPR Protects Against Cigarette Smoke-induced RPE Apoptosis through Up-Regulation of Nrf","volume":"290","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16795","article-title":"Erp29 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Extract\u2013Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitigates Tight Junction Damage in Retinal Pigment Epithelial CellsProtective Role of ERp29 in RPE Cells","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47012-3","article-title":"A unique mitochondria-associated membrane fraction from rat liver has a high capacity for lipid synthesis and contains pre-Golgi secretory proteins including nascent lipoproteins","volume":"269","author":"Cui","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302455110","article-title":"Feature Article: mTOR complex 2-Akt signaling at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) regulates mitochondrial physiology","volume":"110","author":"Betz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2013.77","article-title":"Identification of PTEN at the ER and MAMs and its regulation of Ca(2+) signaling and apoptosis in a protein phosphatase-dependent manner","volume":"20","author":"Bononi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.74","article-title":"PERK is required at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites to convey apoptosis after ROS-based ER stress","volume":"19","author":"Verfaillie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02213-1","article-title":"Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Mitochondria-associated ER Membrane (MAM) in a Long-term Type 2 Diabetic Rodent Model","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800541115","article-title":"IonStar enables high-precision, low-missing-data proteomics quantification in large biological cohorts","volume":"115","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c05002","article-title":"Ultra-High-Resolution IonStar Strategy Enhancing Accuracy and Precision of MS1-Based Proteomics and an Extensive Comparison with State-of-the-Art SWATH-MS in Large-Cohort Quantification","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1376","article-title":"Loss of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat and Ins2Akita-Diabetic Mouse Retinas","volume":"47","author":"Gastinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4313fje","article-title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.3.3.6","article-title":"Rodent Hyperglycemia-Induced Inner Retinal Deficits are Mirrored in Human Diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Pardue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0356-7","article-title":"Early diabetes-induced biochemical changes in the retina: Comparison of rat and mouse models","volume":"49","author":"Obrosova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.151","article-title":"Isolation of mitochondria-associated membranes and mitochondria from animal tissues and cells","volume":"4","author":"Wieckowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.12.018","article-title":"In-depth proteomic analysis of mammalian mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM)","volume":"79","author":"Poston","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14590","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110133108","article-title":"Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) form innate immune synapses and are targeted by hepatitis C virus","volume":"108","author":"Horner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3170-5_11","article-title":"Detection of Isolated Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes Using the Sigma-1 Receptor","volume":"1376","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.139","article-title":"Hepatic stimulator substance inhibits calcium overflow through the mitochondria-associated membrane compartment during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"97","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27351","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27351","article-title":"Interplay between hepatic mitochondria-associated membranes, lipid metabolism and caveolin-1 in mice","volume":"6","author":"Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32667-w","article-title":"Examining the Role of Cone-expressed RPE65 in Mouse Cone Function","volume":"8","author":"Kolesnikov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.10.1144","article-title":"Difference between RP2 and RP3 phenotypes in X linked retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"83","author":"Flaxel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3679-9","article-title":"A novel MERTK mutation causing retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"255","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21653","article-title":"CRB1 mutations in inherited retinal dystrophies","volume":"33","author":"Bujakowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9519","article-title":"Mutations in RD3 are associated with an extremely rare and severe form of early onset retinal dystrophy","volume":"53","author":"Preising","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2004.029769","article-title":"X-linked retinoschisis: Clinical phenotype and RS1 genotype in 86 UK patients","volume":"42","author":"Pimenides","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38868","article-title":"FoxO transcription factors support oxidative stress resistance in human chondrocytes","volume":"66","author":"Akasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14036","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14036","article-title":"Experimental study of the protective effects of SYVN1 against diabetic retinopathy","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2008.07.004","article-title":"STAT4: A risk factor for type 1 diabetes?","volume":"69","author":"Zervou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180144","article-title":"Inhibition of FOXO1 transcription factor in primary human adipocytes mimics the insulin-resistant state of type 2 diabetes","volume":"475","author":"Rajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2676","article-title":"Multiple functions of Maf in the regulation of cellular development and differentiation","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.07.018","article-title":"Lack of Galectin-3 attenuates neuroinflammation and protects the retina and optic nerve of diabetic mice","volume":"1700","author":"Mendonca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collin, G.B., Gogna, N., Chang, B., Damkham, N., Pinkney, J., Hyde, L.F., Stone, L., Naggert, J.K., Nishina, P.M., and Krebs, M.P. (2020). Mouse Models of Inherited Retinal Degeneration with Photoreceptor Cell Loss. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040931"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51837","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/51837","article-title":"Inhibition of advanced glycation and absence of galectin-3 prevent blood-retinal barrier dysfunction during short-term diabetes","volume":"2007","author":"Canning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.06.020","article-title":"High-salt loading exacerbates increased retinal content of aquaporins AQP1 and AQP4 in rats with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"89","author":"Qin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oosuka, S., Kida, T., Oku, H., Horie, T., Morishita, S., Fukumoto, M., Sato, T., and Ikeda, T. (2020). Effects of an Aquaporin 4 Inhibitor, TGN-020, on Murine Diabetic Retina. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072324"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0940","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protects against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia","volume":"45","author":"Da","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"505","article-title":"Increased expression of alphaA-crystallin in human diabetic eye","volume":"28","author":"Kase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M800326-MCP200","article-title":"The retinal proteome in experimental diabetic retinopathy: Up-regulation of crystallins and reversal by systemic and periocular insulin","volume":"8","author":"Fort","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11125","article-title":"A CNS-specific hypomorphic Pdgfr-beta mutant model of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"54","author":"Jadeja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"573","article-title":"From pathobiology to the targeting of pericytes for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"15","author":"Valdez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112800","article-title":"TRIM46 contributes to high glucose-induced ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in human retinal capillary endothelial cells by facilitating GPX4 ubiquitination","volume":"407","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.04.015","article-title":"Allelic variations in genes belonging to glutathione system increase proliferative retinopathy risk in type 1 diabetes individuals","volume":"703","author":"Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanGuilder, H.D., Bixler, G.V., Kutzler, L., Brucklacher, R.M., Bronson, S.K., Kimball, S.R., and Freeman, W.M. (2011). Multi-modal proteomic analysis of retinal protein expression alterations in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016271"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97919","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.97919","article-title":"A specific phosphorylation regulates the protective role of alphaA-crystallin in diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Ruebsam","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath, M., Shan, Y., Myers, A.M., and Fort, P.E. (2021). HspB4\/alphaA-Crystallin Modulates Neuroinflammation in the Retina via the Stress-Specific Inflammatory Pathways. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112384"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0329-y","article-title":"Non-canonical function of IRE1\u03b1 determines mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum composition to control calcium transfer and bioenergetics","volume":"21","author":"Urra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA120000628","article-title":"Sphingolipid distribution at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) upon induction of apoptosis","volume":"61","author":"Mignard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/18\/2819\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:28:06Z","timestamp":1760142486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/18\/2819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11182819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11182819","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]}}}