{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:57:20Z","timestamp":1770710240500,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synthetic macroporous biomaterials are widely used in the field of skin tissue engineering to mimic membrane functions of the native dermis. Biomaterial designs can be subclassified with respect to their shape in fibrous designs, namely fibers, meshes or fleeces, respectively, and porous designs, such as sponges and foams. However, synthetic matrices often have limitations regarding unfavorable foreign body responses (FBRs). Severe FBRs can result in unfavorable disintegration and rejection of an implant, whereas mild FBRs can lead to an acceptable integration of a biomaterial. In this context, comparative in vivo studies of different three-dimensional (3D) matrix designs are rare. Especially, the differences regarding FBRs between synthetically derived filamentous fleeces and sponge-like constructs are unknown. In the present study, the FBRs on two 3D matrix designs were explored after 25 days of subcutaneous implantation in a porcine model. Cellular reactions were quantified histopathologically to investigate in which way the FBR is influenced by the biomaterial architecture. Our results show that FBR metrics (polymorph-nucleated cells and fibrotic reactions) were significantly affected according to the matrix designs. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the 3D matrix tissue interactions and can be useful for future developments of synthetically derived skin substitute biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1663015945000},"page":"2834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vivo Comparison of Synthetic Macroporous Filamentous and Sponge-like Skin Substitute Matrices Reveals Morphometric Features of the Foreign Body Reaction According to 3D Biomaterial Designs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6189-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedrich","family":"Barsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Occupational Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0895-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Mamilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5070-7280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker H.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Babel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hinrich","family":"Winther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ottomann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Severe Burns with Plastic Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Niedermair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Schreml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Hierlemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PolyMedics Innovations GmbH, 73770 Denkendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Brochhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2011.47.1.1","article-title":"Tissue engineering: Current strategies and future directions","volume":"47","author":"Olson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chonnam Med. 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