{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:09:35Z","timestamp":1783566575529,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linko Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1H0481~3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0481~3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linko Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1M0191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1M0191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The MYH9 (Myosin heavy chain 9), an architecture component of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, has been reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers. However, how this molecule contributes to cancer development is still obscure. This study deciphered the molecular function of MYH9 in head and neck cancer (HNC). Cellular methods included clonogenic survival, wound-healing migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. Molecular techniques included RT-qPCR, western blot, luciferase reporter assays, and flow cytometry. Clinical association studies were undertaken by TCGA data mining, Spearman correlation, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We found that MYH9 was overexpressed in tumors and associated with poor prognosis in HNC patients. MYH9 promoted cell motility along with the modulation of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, ITGA6, fascin, vimentin, MMPs). Also, MYH9 contributed to radioresistance and was related to the expression of anti-apoptotic and DNA repairing molecules (XIAP, MCL1, BCL2L1, ATM, RAD50, and NBN). Mechanically, MYH9 suppressed cellular ROS levels, which were achieved by activating the pan-MAPK signaling molecules (Erk, p38, and JNK), the induction of Nrf2 transcriptional activity, and the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (GCLC, GCLM, GPX2). The antioxidant enzyme GCLC was further demonstrated to facilitate cell invasion and radioresistance in HNC cells. Thus, MYH9 exerts malignant functions in HNC by regulating cellular ROS levels via activating the MAPK-Nrf2-GCLC signaling pathway. As MYH9 contributes to radioresistance and metastasis, this molecule may serve as a prognostic biomarker for clinical application. Furthermore, an in vivo study is emergent to support the therapeutic potential of targeting MYH9 to better manage refractory cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"2855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["MYH9 Facilitates Cell Invasion and Radioresistance in Head and Neck Cancer via Modulation of Cellular ROS Levels by Activating the MAPK-Nrf2-GCLC Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guo-Rung","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Liang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang-Hsing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236017, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Jan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiang-Fu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1317-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Joy","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow, L.Q.M. (2020). Head and Neck Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 382.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1715715"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00224-3","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meltzer, C., Nguyen, N.T., Zhang, J., Aguilar, J., Blatchins, M.A., Quesenberry, C.P., Wang, Y., and Sakoda, L.C. (2021). Survival Associated With Consolidated Multidisciplinary Care in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 01945998211057852.","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211057852"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.12.028","article-title":"Prognostic value of radiologic extranodal extension in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with primary chemoradiation","volume":"156","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105866","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of systemic treatments for patients with recurrent\/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105213","article-title":"Prognosis and management of recurrent and\/or metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma","volume":"115","author":"Lorini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2020.05.004","article-title":"Radiation therapy on primary tumour of synchronous metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681717","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.681717","article-title":"Molecular Interplays Between Cell Invasion and Radioresistance That Lead to Poor Prognosis in Head-Neck Cancer","volume":"11","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito, C., and Sousa, S. (2020). Non-Muscle Myosin 2A (NM2A): Structure, Regulation and Function. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071590"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asensio-Juarez, G., Llorente-Gonzalez, C., and Vicente-Manzanares, M. (2020). Linking the Landscape of MYH9-Related Diseases to the Molecular Mechanisms that Control Non-Muscle Myosin II-A Function in Cells. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061458"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15291","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131115291","article-title":"Clinicopathological significance of NMIIA overexpression in human gastric cancer","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01261.x","article-title":"Nonmuscle myosin IIA is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cancer","volume":"25","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katono, K., Sato, Y., Jiang, S.X., Kobayashi, M., Nagashio, R., Ryuge, S., Fukuda, E., Goshima, N., Satoh, Y., and Saegusa, M. (2015). Prognostic significance of MYH9 expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121460"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00681-z","article-title":"MYH9 is crucial for stem cell-like properties in non-small cell lung cancer by activating mTOR signaling","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4218","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.47506","article-title":"The Overexpression of NMHC IIA Promoted Invasion and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells","volume":"12","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112387","article-title":"NMIIA promotes tumorigenesis and prevents chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer by activating AMPK\/mTOR pathway","volume":"398","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.27635","article-title":"MYH9 Promotes Growth and Metastasis via Activation of MAPK\/AKT Signaling in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0806-6","article-title":"NMIIA promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in pancreatic cancer","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00813-z","article-title":"MYH9-dependent polarization of ATG9B promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by accelerating focal adhesion assembly","volume":"28","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04440-x","article-title":"HMGA1 stimulates MYH9-dependent ubiquitination of GSK-3beta via PI3K\/Akt\/c-Jun signaling to promote malignant progression and chemoresistance in gliomas","volume":"12","author":"Que","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.4890","article-title":"DT-13 inhibits cancer cell migration by regulating NMIIA indirectly in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"36","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248627","article-title":"Direct in vivo RNAi screen unveils myosin IIa as a tumor suppressor of squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"343","author":"Schramek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-020-01413-6","article-title":"MYH9 suppresses melanoma tumorigenesis, metastasis and regulates tumor microenvironment","volume":"37","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730080301","article-title":"Regulation of PG synthase by EGF and PDGF in human oral, breast, stomach, and fibrosarcoma cancer cell lines","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13649","article-title":"GDF15 contributes to radioresistance and cancer stemness of head and neck cancer by regulating cellular reactive oxygen species via a SMAD-associated signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02058-8","article-title":"MiR-520b as a novel molecular target for suppressing stemness phenotype of head-neck cancer by inhibiting CD44","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10983","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2298","article-title":"Generation of a stable antioxidant response element-driven reporter gene cell line and its use to show redox-dependent activation of nrf2 by cancer chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W556","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz430","article-title":"GEPIA2: An enhanced web server for large-scale expression profiling and interactive analysis","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, V., Chung, L., Singh, A., Lea, V., Abubakar, A., Lim, S.H., Ng, W., Lee, M., de Souza, P., and Shin, J.S. (2018). Overexpression of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex in rectal cancer correlates with poor response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and prognosis. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4776-9"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711796011238","article-title":"Targeting PDK1 in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Raimondi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00828-5","article-title":"Targeting PI3K\/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1454","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in Wnt signaling pathway and cancer","volume":"67","year":"2015","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.105161","article-title":"Recent developments in mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents","volume":"114","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Rauch, J., and Kolch, W. (2020). Targeting MAPK Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Sensitivity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031102"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22991","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14967","article-title":"The tumor suppressor capability of p53 is dependent on non-muscle myosin IIA function in head and neck cancer","volume":"8","author":"Coaxum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimta, A.A., Cenariu, D., Irimie, A., Magdo, L., Nabavi, S.M., Atanasov, A.G., and Berindan-Neagoe, I. (2019). The Role of Nrf2 Activity in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111755"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.03.022","article-title":"NRF2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer","volume":"34","author":"Chapman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0191-z","article-title":"NRF2 activation promotes the recurrence of dormant tumour cells through regulation of redox and nucleotide metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panieri, E., Buha, A., Telkoparan-Akillilar, P., Cevik, D., Kouretas, D., Veskoukis, A., Skaperda, Z., Tsatsakis, A., Wallace, D., and Suzen, S. (2020). Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030193"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Telkoparan-Akillilar, P., Panieri, E., Cevik, D., Suzen, S., and Saso, L. (2021). Therapeutic Targeting of the NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051417"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and systemic targeting of NRF2 dysregulation in cancer","volume":"177","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharm."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2101","article-title":"Nrf2 in cancers: A double-edged sword","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109266","article-title":"Nrf2 signaling pathway in trace metal carcinogenesis: A cross-talk between oxidative stress and angiogenesis","volume":"254","author":"Emami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiruvengadam, M., Venkidasamy, B., Subramanian, U., Samynathan, R., Ali Shariati, M., Rebezov, M., Girish, S., Thangavel, S., Dhanapal, A.R., and Fedoseeva, N. (2021). Bioactive Compounds in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Diseases: Targeting the NRF2\/ARE Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Regulation. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121859"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2018.07.004","article-title":"Glutathione as a Marker for Human Disease","volume":"87","author":"Teskey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"2911","article-title":"Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.29769","article-title":"High GCLC level in tumor tissues is associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy013","article-title":"Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit is associated with cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Hiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0567-T","article-title":"Histone Methyltransferase G9a Drives Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating the Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2540","article-title":"Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase expression in breast cancer: An immunohistochemical and molecular study","volume":"30","author":"Jardim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1333","article-title":"The modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) is a molecular target for amelioration of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/18\/2855\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:30:26Z","timestamp":1760142626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/18\/2855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11182855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11182855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]}}}