{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:43:43Z","timestamp":1791546223151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences","award":["R01 EY026078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026078"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences","award":["EY030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030076"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences","award":["EY032543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY032543"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences","award":["HL158073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL158073"]}]},{"name":"Retina Research Foundation","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}]},{"name":"Retina Research Foundation","award":["R01 EY026078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026078"]}]},{"name":"Retina Research Foundation","award":["EY030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030076"]}]},{"name":"Retina Research Foundation","award":["EY032543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY032543"]}]},{"name":"Retina Research Foundation","award":["HL158073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL158073"]}]},{"name":"RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}]},{"name":"RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair","award":["R01 EY026078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026078"]}]},{"name":"RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair","award":["EY030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030076"]}]},{"name":"RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair","award":["EY032543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY032543"]}]},{"name":"RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair","award":["HL158073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL158073"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY026078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY032543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY032543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL158073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL158073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thomas S. Stevenson, MD (University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}]},{"name":"Thomas S. Stevenson, MD (University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)","award":["R01 EY026078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026078"]}]},{"name":"Thomas S. Stevenson, MD (University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)","award":["EY030076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030076"]}]},{"name":"Thomas S. Stevenson, MD (University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)","award":["EY032543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY032543"]}]},{"name":"Thomas S. Stevenson, MD (University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences)","award":["HL158073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL158073"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 belongs to the superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases. Unlike other CYP enzymes, which are highly expressed in the liver, CYP1B1 is predominantly found in extrahepatic tissues, such as the brain, and ocular tissues including retina and trabecular meshwork. CYP1B1 metabolizes exogenous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CYP1B1 also metabolizes endogenous bioactive compounds including estradiol and arachidonic acid. These metabolites impact various cellular and physiological processes during development and pathological processes. We previously showed that CYP1B1 deficiency mitigates ischemia-mediated retinal neovascularization and drives the trabecular meshwork dysgenesis through increased levels of oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for CYP1B1-deficiency-mediated increased oxidative stress remain largely unresolved. Iron is an essential element and utilized as a cofactor in a variety of enzymes. However, excess iron promotes the production of hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, increased oxidative stress, and cell damage. The retinal endothelium is recognized as a major component of the blood\u2013retinal barrier, which controls ocular iron levels through the modulation of proteins involved in iron regulation present in retinal endothelial cells, as well as other ocular cell types including trabecular meshwork cells. We previously showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the absence of CYP1B1, and in the retinal vasculature and trabecular meshwork, which was reversed by administration of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Here, we review the important role CYP1B1 expression and activity play in maintaining retinal redox homeostasis through the modulation of iron levels by retinal endothelial cells. The relationship between CYP1B1 expression and activity and iron levels has not been previously delineated. We review the potential significance of CYP1B1 expression, estrogen metabolism, and hepcidin\u2013ferroportin regulatory axis in the local regulation of ocular iron levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:12:53Z","timestamp":1663708373000},"page":"2930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cytochrome P450 1B1: A Key Regulator of Ocular Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yong-Seok","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Annalora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Organ State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7759-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig B.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Organ State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin R.","family":"Jefcoate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Sorenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-9217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)82244-3","article-title":"The carbon monoxide-binding pigment of liver microsomes. 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