{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T06:18:56Z","timestamp":1775715536571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by a cytokine storm with the release of many proinflammatory factors and development of respiratory syndrome. Several SARS-CoV-2 lineages have been identified, and the Delta variant (B.1.617), linked with high mortality risk, has become dominant in many countries. Understanding the immune responses associated with COVID-19 lineages may therefore aid the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Multiple single-cell gene expression studies revealed innate and adaptive immunological factors and pathways correlated with COVID-19 severity. Additional investigations covering host\u2013pathogen response characteristics for infection caused by different lineages are required. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of blood mononuclear cells from the individuals with different severity of the COVID-19 and virus lineages to uncover variant specific molecular factors associated with immunity. We identified significant changes in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Our study highlights that an abundant population of monocytes with specific gene expression signatures accompanies Delta lineage of SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis inferring immune components for targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T21:22:23Z","timestamp":1663795343000},"page":"2950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis Revealed Immune Cell Signatures of Delta COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abusaid M.","family":"Shaymardanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Antonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia D.","family":"Sokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kseniia A.","family":"Deinichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, 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Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7951-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra I.","family":"Akinshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia V.","family":"Tsypkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana V.","family":"Romanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir E.","family":"Muhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey I.","family":"Mitrofanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir S.","family":"Yudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey M.","family":"Yudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonida V.","family":"Makhotenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton 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Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3776-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Svetlichnyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 10 Bld., 1 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika I.","family":"Skvortsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA of Russia), 30 Volokolamskoe sh., Moscow 125310, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.017","article-title":"Longitudinal Multi-omics Analyses Identify Responses of Megakaryocytes, Erythroid Cells, and 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