{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:47:52Z","timestamp":1784213272191,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Committee of Science Armenia","award":["21AG-4D065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21AG-4D065"]}]},{"name":"State Committee of Science Armenia","award":["10-15\/I-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-15\/I-5"]}]},{"name":"State Committee of Science Armenia","award":["EAPI2020-065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPI2020-065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Either extracts, cell-free suspensions or bacterial suspensions are used to study bacterial lipid peroxidation processes. Along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and several other strategies, the thiobarbituric acid test is used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) as the basis for the commercial test kits and the colorimetric detection of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation processes levels in the suspensions, extracts and culture supernatants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Derby strains. The dependence of the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in the cell extracts, the suspensions and cell-free supernatants on bacterial species, and their concentration and growth phase were revealed. The effect of bacterial concentrations on MDA formation was also found to be more pronounced in bacterial suspensions than in extracts, probably due to the dynamics of MDA release into the intercellular space. This study highlights the possible importance of MDA determination in both cell-free suspensions and extracts, as well as in bacterial suspensions to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation processes in bacterial physiology, bacteria\u2013host interactions, as well as in host physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T05:20:58Z","timestamp":1664169658000},"page":"2989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Levels, Oxidative Stress and Host\u2013Bacteria Interactions: Escherichia coli and Salmonella Derby"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vardan","family":"Tsaturyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Therapy Department, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Poghosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Scientific-Educational Center of NAS RA, Yerevan 0019, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Toczy\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan 0009, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1935-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astghik","family":"Pepoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan 0009, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1839","article-title":"Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.01.028","article-title":"Fermentation Products of Commensal Bacteria Alter Enterocyte Lipid Metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Tazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mih, N., Monk, J.M., Fang, X., Catoiu, E., Heckmann, D., Yang, L., and Palsson, B. (2020). Adaptations of Escherichia coli Strains to Oxidative Stress are Reflected in Properties of their Structural Proteomes. BMC Bioinform., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-3505-y"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14445","article-title":"Where in the World do Bacteria Experience Oxidative Stress?","volume":"21","author":"Imlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.01.044","article-title":"Oxidative Stress During Bacterial Growth Characterized through Microdialysis Sampling Coupled with HPLC\/fluorescence Detection of Malondialdehyde","volume":"1019","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toto, A., Wild, P., Graille, M., Turcu, V., Cr\u00e9z\u00e9, C., Hemmendinger, M., Sauvain, J.J., Bergamaschi, E., GusevaCanu, I., and Hopf, N.B. (2022). Urinary Malondialdehyde (MDA) Concentrations in the General Population-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040160"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Pepoyan, A.Z. (2002). Role of Membranes in UV Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Cells. [Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Molecular Biology]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuravlev, A.V., Vetrovoy, O.V., and Savvateeva-Popova, E.V. (2018). Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Pathways of Kynurenines\u2019 Dimerization: The Molecular Factors for Oxidative Stress Development. PLoS Comput. Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006672"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72054-y","article-title":"Heat Stress as an Innovative Approach to Enhance the Antioxidant Production in Pseudooceanicola and Bacillus Isolates","volume":"10","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2020.07.006","article-title":"Methodologies for Preparation of Prokaryotic Extracts for Cell-free Expression Systems","volume":"5","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Synth. Syst. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"91","article-title":"Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus INMIA 9602 Er-2 and Escherichia coli M-17 on Some Clinical Blood Characteristics of Familial Mediterranean Fever Disease Patients from the Armenian Cohort","volume":"10","author":"Balayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Probiotics Prebiotics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01203","article-title":"Commensal Bacteria: An Emerging Player in Defense Against Respiratory Pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00213-w","article-title":"Gut Microbiota as the Key Controllers of \"Healthy\" Aging of Elderly People","volume":"18","author":"Ragonnaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blood Protein Polymorphisms and the Gut Bacteria: Impact of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus Narine on Salmonella Carriage in Sheep","volume":"7","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01426","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain INMIA 9602 Er317\/402 Administration Reduces the Numbers of Candida albicans and Abundance of enterobacteria in the Gut Microbiota of Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients","volume":"9","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, R.L., Larkinson, M.L.Y., and Clarke, T.B. (2021). Immunological Design of Commensal Communities to Treat Intestinal Infection and Inflammation. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009191"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bok, E., Mazurek, J., Myc, A., Stosik, M., Wojciech, M., and Baldy-Chudzik, K. (2018). Comparison of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from Adults and Young Children in Lubuskie Province, Poland: Virulence Potential, Phylogeny and Antimicrobial Resistance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040617"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurek-Popczyk, J., Pisarska, J., Bok, E., and Baldy-Chudzik, K. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocinogenic Commensal Escherichia coli Against Zoonotic Strains Resistant and Sensitive to Antibiotics. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070411"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47611-9","article-title":"The Commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 Reinforces Intestinal Defences in Gnotobiotic Mice and is Protective in a Chronic Colitis Mouse Model","volume":"9","author":"Verstraeten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2005.00002.x","article-title":"Modification of the Biophysical Characteristics of Membranes Incommensal Escherichia coli Strains from Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"254","author":"Mirzoyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"333","article-title":"Growth Peculiarities and Some Characteristics of Membrane for Probiotic Strain of Escherichia coli","volume":"1","author":"Stepanyan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Memb. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"858","article-title":"Some Peculiarities of Growth and Functional Activity of Escherichia coli Strain from Probiotic Formula \u201cASAP\u201d","volume":"44","author":"Balayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"690","article-title":"Growth Peculiarities of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from the Gut Microflora of Crohn\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"58","author":"Gasparyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofizika"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.11.4343","article-title":"Growth and Motility of Gut Commensal Escherichia coli in Health and Disease","volume":"106","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12722","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus INMIA 9602 Er-2 strain 317\/402 Probiotic Regulates Growth of Commensal Escherichia coli in Gut Microbiota of Familial Mediterranean Fever Disease Subjects","volume":"64","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"70","article-title":"Some Peculiarities of Antioxidative System of E. coli G35 Bacterial Strains","volume":"102","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rep. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"475","article-title":"The Role of Membrane Interactions in Lipid-peroxidation Processes in Plasmid and Unplasmid Cells of Salmonella derby","volume":"36","author":"Pepoyan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biophysika."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cancerolitic Action of E. coli","volume":"1","author":"Shahinyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Vladimirov, Y.A., and Archakov, A.I. (1972). Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Membranes, Nauka. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"328","article-title":"Synthesis of L-aspartic Acid from Ammonium Fumarate by Free and Immobilized Cells of Escherichia Coli","volume":"15","author":"Yakovleva","year":"1979","journal-title":"Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyane, T.S., Jere, S.W., and Houreld, N.N. (2022). Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137273"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"443","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Consequences of Oxidative Stress: Lessons from a Model Bacterium","volume":"11","author":"Imlay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Gr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671037","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.671037","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Bacteria and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology","volume":"8","author":"Fasnacht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Karapetyan, A.O. (1987). Biological Antagonism of Some Representatives of the Intestinal Microflora and Tumor Cells. [Ph.D. Thesis, Moscow State University]. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Shachlamov, W.A., Karapetyan, A.O., and Karapetyan, O.G. (1988). Materials of Actual Quest. of Modern Histology, Nauka. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"36","article-title":"The Change in the Structure of Tumor DNA under the Combined Action of Bacterial Culture, E. coli and Doxorubicin A In Vivo","volume":"3","author":"Nersesyan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electron. J. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"35","article-title":"Laboratory Assessment of Gut Dysbiosis","volume":"12","author":"Manvelyan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. J. RA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, L., Zhou, Y.J., Zhu, S., Liang, G.D., Zhuang, H., Zhao, M., Chang, X.Y., Li, H.N., Liu, Z., and Guo, Z.R. (2020). E. coli Diversity: Low in Colorectal Cancer. BMC Med. Genom., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-020-0704-3"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.005","article-title":"Interplay of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress: Perspective on Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection","volume":"38","author":"Shandilya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849985","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.849985","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Kulchitskaya, M. (2002). Development of a Probiotic Preparation Ocarin for Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. [Ph.D. Thesis, Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy]."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"886","article-title":"Anti-cancer Properties of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 against HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells through Regulation of Bax\/Bcl-xL and AKT\/PTEN Signaling Pathways","volume":"23","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09662-7","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Potential Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe and Lactobacillus delbrueckii IAHAHI in Irradiated Rats Depends on the Nutritional Stage of the Host","volume":"12","author":"Pepoyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicro. Prot."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harutyunyan, N., Kushugulova, A., Hovhannisyan, N., and Pepoyan, A. (2022). One Health Probiotics as Biocontrol Agents: One Health Tomato Probiotics. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11101334"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160186","article-title":"Against the Tide: The Role of Bacterial Adhesion in Host Colonization","volume":"44","author":"Stones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6511-6518.2000","article-title":"Host-pathogen Interactions: Basic Concepts of Microbial Commensalism, Colonization, Infection, and Disease","volume":"68","author":"Casadevall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chautrand, T., Souak, D., Chevalier, S., and Duclairoir-Poc, C. (2022). Gram-Negative Bacterial Envelope Homeostasis under Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050924"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1279378","article-title":"Pathogen Control at the Intestinal Mucosa-H2O2 to the Rescue","volume":"8","author":"Knaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/19\/2989\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:39:26Z","timestamp":1760143166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/19\/2989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11192989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11192989","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]}}}