{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:05:37Z","timestamp":1780934737273,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81970979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970979"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81970920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970920"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Crouzon syndrome ([OMIM] #123500) caused by FGFR2 mutation is an autosomal dominant syndrome with craniosynostosis, the underlying mechanism of which remains obscure. Methods: First, whole exome sequencing was used to screen the possible pathogenic variant in two sporadic patients with Crouzon syndrome. The investigation of primary and secondary structures as well as the conservation analysis of FGFR2 mutation (p.Cys342Arg) was performed. Then, wild-type and mutant overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected into pre-osteoblastic murine cell line MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism were analyzed by CCK8, ALP staining and ALP activity, alizarin red staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot, seahorse assays and mitochondrial staining. The siRNA targeting FGFR2 and domain negative FGFR2 were designed for verification. Results: First, FGFR2 mutation (p.Cys342Arg) was detected in two sporadic Chinese Crouzon syndrome patients. FGFR2 p.Cys342Arg promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Erk1\/2 signal pathway. Furthermore, FGFR2 p.Cys342Arg enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and converted mitochondrial fusion to the fission of MC3T3-E1, promoting osteogenic differentiation and craniosynostosis in Crouzon syndrome. Additionally, AMPK or Erk1\/2 inhibitors delayed the cranial suture closure. Conclusion: FGFR2 mutation p.Cys342Arg promotes osteogenesis by enhancing mitochondrial metabolism-mediated via FGF\/FGFR-AMPK-Erk1\/2 axis, which indicates the potential of therapy targeting AMPK or Erk1\/2 for syndromic craniosynostosis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T01:52:21Z","timestamp":1665193941000},"page":"3129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["FGFR2 Mutation p.Cys342Arg Enhances Mitochondrial Metabolism-Mediated Osteogenesis via FGF\/FGFR-AMPK-Erk1\/2 Axis in Crouzon Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"[Crouzon syndrome (Mc K 12350)]","volume":"59","author":"Mitulla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kinderarztl. 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