{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:30:36Z","timestamp":1775082636169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL110952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL110952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35NS122302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS122302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"George &amp; Lucile Heeringa funds for ataxia","award":["T32 HL110952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL110952"]}]},{"name":"George &amp; Lucile Heeringa funds for ataxia","award":["R35NS122302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS122302"]}]},{"name":"National Ataxia Foundation (SCA3 Translational Research Award 2019\/2020)","award":["T32 HL110952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL110952"]}]},{"name":"National Ataxia Foundation (SCA3 Translational Research Award 2019\/2020)","award":["R35NS122302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS122302"]}]},{"name":"Neuroscience Fellows at the University of Michigan","award":["T32 HL110952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL110952"]}]},{"name":"Neuroscience Fellows at the University of Michigan","award":["R35NS122302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS122302"]}]},{"name":"Taubman Emerging Scholars Award at the University of Michigan","award":["T32 HL110952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL110952"]}]},{"name":"Taubman Emerging Scholars Award at the University of Michigan","award":["R35NS122302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS122302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder showing progressive neuronal loss in several brain areas and a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms, including ataxia and altered sleep. While sleep disturbances are known to play pathophysiologic roles in other neurodegenerative disorders, their impact on SCA3 is unknown. Using spectrographic measurements, we sought to quantitatively characterize sleep electroencephalography (EEG) in SCA3 transgenic mice with confirmed disease phenotype. We first measured motor phenotypes in 18\u201331-week-old homozygous SCA3 YACMJD84.2 mice and non-transgenic wild-type littermate mice during lights-on and lights-off periods. We next implanted electrodes to obtain 12-h (zeitgeber time 0-12) EEG recordings for three consecutive days when the mice were 26\u201336 weeks old. EEG-based spectroscopy showed that compared to wild-type littermates, SCA3 homozygous mice display: (i) increased duration of rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and fragmentation in all sleep and wake states; (ii) higher beta power oscillations during REM and non-REM (NREM); and (iii) additional spectral power band alterations during REM and wake. Our data show that sleep architecture and EEG spectral power are dysregulated in homozygous SCA3 mice, indicating that common sleep-related etiologic factors may underlie mouse and human SCA3 phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T01:52:21Z","timestamp":1665193941000},"page":"3132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sleep Alterations in a Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5144-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Efstratia","family":"Tsimpanouli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjesh","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Barget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ridge","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry L.","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Carmo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9940-4579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon O.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000358801","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia: A systematic review of prevalence studies","volume":"42","author":"Ruano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinocerebellar ataxia","volume":"5","author":"Klockgether","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-009-0216-y","article-title":"Increased transcript diversity: Novel splicing variants of Machado-Joseph Disease gene (ATXN3)","volume":"11","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2022, February 16). ATXN3 Ataxin 3 [Homo Sapiens (human)]\u2014Gene\u2014NCBI, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/4287."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.01.001","article-title":"Clinical features, neurogenetics and neuropathology of the polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias type 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7","volume":"104","author":"Paulson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1000-x","article-title":"Brain pathology of spinocerebellar ataxias","volume":"124","author":"Seidel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104635","article-title":"Pathogenesis of SCA3 and implications for other polyglutamine diseases","volume":"134","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.11.006","article-title":"Toward understanding Machado-Joseph Disease","volume":"97","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Adam, M.P., Everman, D.B., and Mirzaa, G.M. (2020). Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. GeneReviews\u00ae 10 October 1998 [Updated 4 June 2020], University of Washington. Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000287","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"29","author":"Pedroso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20419","article-title":"Non-movement disorder heralds symptoms of Macho-Joseph disease year before ataxia","volume":"20","author":"Friedman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00335.x","article-title":"Homozygous Machado-Joseph disease presenting as REM sleep behaviour disorder and prominent psychiatric symptoms","volume":"9","author":"Fukutake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01092.x","article-title":"Sleep symptoms and their clinical correlates in Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"119","author":"Conz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200401000-00005","article-title":"Effects of Tandospirone on \u201c5-HT1A Receptor-Associated Symptoms\u201d in Patients with Machado-Josephe Disease An Open-Label Study","volume":"27","author":"Takei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"757","article-title":"Prolonged confusion with nocturnal wandering arising from NREM and REM sleep: A case report","volume":"18","author":"Kushida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10590","article-title":"REM behavior disorder and excessive daytime somnolence in Machado-Joseph disease (SCA-3)","volume":"18","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0252-7","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Machado-Joseph disease: Frequency, discriminative thresholds, predictive values, and correlation with ataxia-related motor and non-motor features","volume":"10","author":"Pedroso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.04.002","article-title":"Sleep apnea in Machado-Joseph disease: A clinical and polysomnographic evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Barsottini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-016-0775-z","article-title":"Fatigue and Its Associated Factors in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3\/Machado-Joseph Disease","volume":"16","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00266","article-title":"Ataxic Severity Is Positively Correlated With Fatigue in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Patients","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170206","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, and 3","volume":"248","author":"Abele","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01170-2","article-title":"Which Factors in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Patients Are Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom Disease?","volume":"20","author":"Diniz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.10.008","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Machado-Joseph disease: A dopamine transporter imaging study","volume":"324","author":"Pedroso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20978","article-title":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1,2, and 3 and restless legs syndrome: Striatal dopamine D2 receptor status investigated by [11C] Raclopride positron emission tomography","volume":"21","author":"Reimold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1603","article-title":"Sleep disturbance in spinocerebellar ataxias: Is the SCA3 mutation a cause of restless legs syndrome?","volume":"51","author":"Haan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000331008","article-title":"Is Neuropathy Involved with Restless Legs Syndrome in Machado-Joseph Disease?","volume":"66","author":"Pedroso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"447","article-title":"Neurophysiological studies and non-motor symptoms prior to ataxia in a patient with Machado-Joseph disease: Trying to understand the natural history of brain degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Pedroso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12330","article-title":"NREM-related parasomnias in Machado-Joseph disease: Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2012.09.006","article-title":"Sleep disruption in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: A genetic and polysomnographic study","volume":"76","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chinese Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10509","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder and vocal cord paralysis in Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"18","author":"Iranzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10269","article-title":"Presumed rapid eye movement behavior disorder in Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3)","volume":"17","author":"Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.148","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder and SCA-3 (Machado-Joseph disease)","volume":"60","author":"Syed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000484516","article-title":"Assessment of Sleep Spindle Density among Genetically Positive Spinocerebellar Ataxias Types 1, 2, and 3 Patients","volume":"25","author":"Seshagiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.9.1075","article-title":"YAC transgenic mice carrying pathological alleles of the MJD1 locus exhibit a mild and slowly progressive cerebellar deficit","volume":"11","author":"Cemal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.144","article-title":"Toward RNAi therapy for the polyglutamine disease Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"21","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.018","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis of local field potentials and motor cortex EEG in spinocerebellar ataxia 3","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.036","article-title":"Network Homeostasis and State Dynamics of Neocortical Sleep","volume":"90","author":"Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0968-1","article-title":"Sleep Disorders in Hereditary Ataxias","volume":"19","author":"Huebra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27018","article-title":"REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Synucleinopathies","volume":"32","author":"Boeve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325546","article-title":"Sleep disturbance in movement disorders: Insights, treatments and challenges","volume":"92","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.09.025","article-title":"Excessive fragmentary myoclonus in Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"15","author":"Pedroso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","article-title":"Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Tononi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_140","article-title":"The Function(s) of Sleep","volume":"253","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.054","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation exacerbates amyloid \u03b2 deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mice","volume":"653","author":"Minakawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000329","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation as an important clinical characteristic of sleep disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A preliminary study","volume":"132","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5354","article-title":"Regional Neocortical Gray Matter Structure and Sleep Fragmentation in Older Adults","volume":"39","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604351","article-title":"Sleep Disturbance, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Review","volume":"37","author":"Wennberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13218","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation shares similar pathogenesis with neurodegenerative diseases: Endosome-autophagosome-lysosome pathway dysfunction and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"26","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104820","article-title":"Impact of sleep disturbances on neurodegeneration: Insight from studies in animal models","volume":"139","author":"Owen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.009","article-title":"Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus","volume":"160","author":"Mongrain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215734","article-title":"Nocturnal Hypoxia and Sleep Fragmentation May Drive Neurodegenerative Processes: The Compared Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Biomarkers","volume":"88","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"55","article-title":"Chronic sleep disturbance and neural injury: Links to neurodegenerative disease","volume":"8","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(82)90067-0","article-title":"Participation of the cerebellum in the regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Results in cerebellectomized cats","volume":"53","author":"Cunchillos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.07.003","article-title":"The cerebellum and sleep","volume":"32","author":"DelRosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.03.001","article-title":"The Sleeping Cerebellum","volume":"40","author":"Canto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-1054-y","article-title":"Brainstem mechanisms of paradoxical (REM) sleep generation","volume":"463","author":"Luppi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00123","article-title":"REM Sleep at its Core\u2014Circuits, Neurotransmitters, and Pathophysiology","volume":"6","author":"Fraigne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Paxinos, G., and Franklin, K.B.J. (2008). The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Elsevier. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.007","article-title":"The Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework: A 3D Reference Atlas","volume":"181","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001560117","article-title":"Basal ganglia beta oscillations during sleep underlie Parkinsonian insomnia","volume":"117","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22351","article-title":"Beta activity in the subthalamic nucleus during sleep in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Urrestarazu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765203","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.765203","article-title":"Basal Ganglia Local Field Potentials as a Potential Biomarker for Sleep Disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11795","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2546-16.2016","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for alternative motor networks in REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"36","author":"Hackius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1591-20.2021","article-title":"Parkinsonism Alters Beta Burst Dynamics across the Basal Ganglia-Motor Cortical Network","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa400","article-title":"Spatiotemporal features of \u03b2-\u03b3 phase-amplitude coupling in Parkinson\u2019s disease derived from scalp EEG","volume":"144","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.05.018","article-title":"Beta power and movement-related beta modulation as hallmarks of energy for plasticity induction: Implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"88","author":"Ghilardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2113-19.2020","article-title":"Parkinsonian Beta Dynamics during Rest and Movement in the Dorsal Pallidum and Subthalamic Nucleus","volume":"40","author":"Eisinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.04.004","article-title":"Relationship between oscillatory activity in the cortico-basal ganglia network and parkinsonism in MPTP-treated monkeys","volume":"68","author":"Devergnas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.10.014","article-title":"Circadian and sleep disorder in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"243","author":"Morton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt132","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the electroencephalogram and sleep phenotype in the R6\/2 mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.11.019","article-title":"Sleep-related modifications of EEG connectivity in the sensory-motor networks in Huntington Disease: An eLORETA study and review of the literature","volume":"128","author":"Piano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059416632413","article-title":"Wake and Sleep EEG in Patients With Huntington Disease: An eLORETA Study and Review of the Literature","volume":"48","author":"Piano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1159\/000480701","article-title":"Subjective Assessment of Sleep in Huntington Disease: Reliability of Sleep Questionnaires Compared to Polysomnography","volume":"17","author":"Piano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsz15","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz154","article-title":"Sleep in Huntington\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomongraphic findings","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24505","article-title":"Circadian dysfunction in the Q175 model of Huntington\u2019s disease: Network analysis","volume":"97","author":"Smarr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00221","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Krzywoszanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt128","article-title":"Progressive sleep and electroencephalogram changes in mice carrying the Huntington\u2019s disease mutation","volume":"136","author":"Kantor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeantet, Y., Cayzac, S., and Cho, Y.H. (2013). \u03b2 oscillation during slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep in the electroencephalogram of a transgenic mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079509"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.021","article-title":"Nocturnal agitation in Huntington disease is caused by arousal-related abnormal movements rather than by rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"16","author":"Neutel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4996","article-title":"Polysomnographic findings and clinical correlates in Huntington disease: A cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Piano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24495","article-title":"Sleep deficits but no metabolic deficits in premanifest Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"78","author":"Lazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebreton, F., Cayzac, S., Pietropaolo, S., Jeantet, Y., and Cho, Y.H. (2015). Sleep physiology alterations precede plethoric phenotypic changes in R6\/1 Huntington\u2019s disease mice. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126972"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.01.027","article-title":"A single dose of hypnotic corrects sleep and EEG abnormalities in symptomatic Huntington\u2019s disease mice","volume":"105","author":"Kantor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5448","article-title":"Quantitative electroencephalographic analysis provides an early-stage indicator of disease onset and progression in the zQ175 knock-in mouse model of huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579867","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.579867","article-title":"Early Disruption of Cortical Sleep-Related Oscillations in a Mouse Model of Dementia With Lewy Bodies (DLB) Expressing Human Mutant (A30P) Alpha-Synuclein","volume":"14","author":"Stylianou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.257","article-title":"Network dysfunction in \u03b1-synuclein transgenic mice and human Lewy body dementia","volume":"2","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.08.009","article-title":"Increased EEG sigma and beta power during NREM sleep in primary insomnia","volume":"91","author":"Spiegelhalder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figorilli, M., Lanza, G., Congiu, P., Lecca, R., Casaglia, E., Mogavero, M.P., Puligheddu, M., and Ferri, R. (2021). Neurophysiological Aspects of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD): A Narrative Review. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121588"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83980-w","article-title":"A high-density electroencephalography study reveals abnormal sleep homeostasis in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"11","author":"Valomon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsx080","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx080","article-title":"REM Sleep EEG Instability in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Clonazepam Effects","volume":"40","author":"Ferri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.12.015","article-title":"Parkinsonism-related \u03b2 oscillations in the primate basal ganglia networks\u2014Recent advances and clinical implications","volume":"59","author":"Deffains","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.02.001","article-title":"Sleep and quantitative EEG in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"56","author":"Petit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0324","article-title":"Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-019-0106-5","article-title":"Nonmotor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs)","volume":"6","author":"Moro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebellum Ataxias"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00822","article-title":"Event-Related Desynchronization\/Synchronization in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3","volume":"10","author":"Aoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/19\/3132\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:46:49Z","timestamp":1760143609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/19\/3132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11193132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11193132","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.07.05.498300","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]}}}