{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:09:36Z","timestamp":1785449376773,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["NS40433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS40433"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS40433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS40433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial motoneuron (FMN) survival is mediated by CD4+ T cells in an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent manner after facial nerve axotomy (FNA), but CD4+ T cells themselves are not the source of this neuroprotective IL-10. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the temporal and cell-specific induction of IL-10 expression in the facial motor nucleus and (2) elucidate the neuroprotective capacity of this expression after axotomy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FMN constitutively produced IL-10, whereas astrocytes were induced to make IL-10 after FNA. Il10 mRNA co-localized with microglia before and after axotomy, but microglial production of IL-10 protein was not detected. To determine whether any single source of IL-10 was critical for FMN survival, Cre\/Lox mouse strains were utilized to selectively knock out IL-10 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. In agreement with the localization data reflecting concerted IL-10 production by multiple cell types, no single cellular source of IL-10 alone could provide neuroprotection after FNA. These findings suggest that coordinated neuronal and astrocytic IL-10 production is necessary for FMN survival and has roles in neuronal homeostasis, as well as neuroprotective trophism after axotomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1665348571000},"page":"3167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cellular Sources and Neuroprotective Roles of Interleukin-10 in the Facial Motor Nucleus after Axotomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Runge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah O.","family":"Setter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhirami K.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Regele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development, Richard L. 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