{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:17:54Z","timestamp":1783034274422,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SEP-CONACyT M\u00e9xic","award":["243233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243233"]}]},{"name":"SEP-CONACyT M\u00e9xic","award":["272633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272633"]}]},{"name":"SEP-CONACyT M\u00e9xic","award":["027\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["027\/2015"]}]},{"name":"SEP-CONACyT M\u00e9xic","award":["060\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["060\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FOSISS","award":["243233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243233"]}]},{"name":"FOSISS","award":["272633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272633"]}]},{"name":"FOSISS","award":["027\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["027\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FOSISS","award":["060\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["060\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda","award":["243233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243233"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda","award":["272633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272633"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda","award":["027\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["027\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda","award":["060\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["060\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy in Mexico, representing more than 50% of all childhood cancers. Although treatment leads to a survival of up to 90% in developing countries, in our country, it is less than 65%. Additionally, ~30% of patients relapse with poor prognosis. Alternative splicing plays an important role in transcriptome diversity and cellular biology. This mechanism promotes an increase in the assortment of proteins with potentially distinct functions from a single gene. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene encodes two transcripts for the same protein of 261 amino acids, which is associated with several important cellular processes and with several types of cancer. However, the diversity of the transcript variants expressed in this condition is not clear. Then, we used microarray gene expression to identify changes in the exon expression level of PCNA. The data were validated using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing, and three additional transcripts (PCNA_V3, PCNA_V4, and PCNA_V5) were identified. Computational analyses were used to determine the potential proteins resulting, their structure, and interactions with PCNA native protein and themselves. Additionally, the PCNA transcript variants were inhibited using specific siRNA, determining that their inhibition contributes to the malignant characteristics in vitro. Finally, we quantified the PCNA transcript variants in acute lymphoblastic leukemia samples and identified their expression in this disease. Based on the clinical characteristics, we determined that PCNA_V2 and PCNA_V4 are expressed at significantly low levels in relapsed B-ALL patients. We conclude that the low expression of PCNA_V2 and PCNA_V4 could be a potential molecular marker of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"3205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Transcript Variants as Potential Relapse Markers in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Villegas-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2869-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Romo-Mancillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Aided Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Quer\u00e9taro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Medina-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Methodology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kattia Alejandra","family":"Castro-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselene Carina","family":"Ramirez-Chiquito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Fonseca-Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes Edna","family":"Garc\u00eda-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rivera-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta Griselda","family":"Mendoza-Torreblanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"},{"name":"Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz-Aguirre, P., Huerta-Gutierrez, R., Zamora, S., Mohar, A., Vega-Vega, L., Hernandez-Avila, J.E., Morales-Carmona, E., Zapata-Tarres, M., Bautista-Arredondo, S., and Perez-Cuevas, R. 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