{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T02:28:36Z","timestamp":1787711316620,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Retina Research Foundation, RRF\/Daniel M. Albert chair, Carl Marshall Reeves &amp; Mildred Almen Reeves Foundation","award":["P30 EY016665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY016665"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Retina Research Foundation, RRF\/Daniel M. 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Here, we established methods for visualizing the choroidal macrophages, mast cells, and vasculature in eyes of albino and pigmented mice using cell type-specific staining. We were able to visualize the choroidal arterial and venous systems. An arterial circle around the optic nerve was found in mice similar to the Zinn\u2013Haller arterial circle that exists in humans and primates. Three different structural patterns of choriocapillaris were observed throughout the whole choroid: honeycomb-like, maze-like, and finger-like patterns. Choroidal mast cells were relatively few but dense around the optic nerve. Mast cell distribution in the middle and periphery was different among strains. Macrophages were found in all layers of the choroid. Thus, utilizing the simple and reliable methods described herein will allow the evaluation of transgenic and preclinical mouse models of ocular diseases that affect the choroid, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic choroidopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity. These studies will advance our understanding of the pathophysiology, and molecular and cellular mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically, in these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T20:43:50Z","timestamp":1666557830000},"page":"3329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of Choroidal Vasculature and Innate Immune Cells in the Eyes of Albino and Pigmented Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7174-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail S.","family":"Zaitoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"McPherson Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Seok","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"McPherson Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammam B.","family":"Zaitoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University in Irbid, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Sorenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McPherson Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-9217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"McPherson Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid","volume":"29","author":"Nickla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. 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