{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:57:07Z","timestamp":1782320227638,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["#PJT-148807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PJT-148807"]}]},{"name":"the Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["# 272483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 272483"]}]},{"name":"the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec en Sant\u00e9","award":["#PJT-148807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PJT-148807"]}]},{"name":"the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec en Sant\u00e9","award":["# 272483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 272483"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to intercellular communication through the transfer of their rich cargo to recipient cells. The EVs produced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils from healthy humans and horses increase airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation, but the roles of neutrophil EVs in asthma are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether neutrophil-derived EVs isolated during the remission or exacerbation of asthma influence ASM proliferation differentially. Peripheral blood neutrophils were collected during remission and exacerbation in eight horses affected by severe asthma. The cells were cultured (\u00b1LPS), and their EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by laser scattering microscopy and proteomic analysis. The proliferation of ASM co-incubated with EVs was monitored in real time by electrical impedance. Two proteins were significantly upregulated during disease exacerbation in neutrophil EVs (MAST4 and Lrch4), while LPS stimulation greatly altered the proteomic profile. Those changes involved the upregulation of neutrophil degranulation products, including proteases known to induce myocyte proliferation. In agreement with the proteomic results, EVs from LPS-stimulated neutrophils increased ASM proliferation, without an effect of the disease status. The inhalation of environmental LPS could contribute to asthma pathogenesis by activating neutrophils and leading to ASM hyperplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:09:23Z","timestamp":1666606163000},"page":"3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Vesicles and Airway Smooth Muscle Proliferation in the Natural Model of Severe Asthma in Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Mainguy-Seers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Beaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4834-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Fernandez-Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.042","article-title":"Prevalence, Deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Due to Asthma and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132019","volume":"161","author":"Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9610046","article-title":"Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma. 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