{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:45:42Z","timestamp":1762073142559,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice","award":["PCN-2-014\/K\/2\/F","PCN-1-013\/K\/2\/F","PCN-2-048\/K\/1\/F","PCN-2-047\/N\/1\/F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-2-014\/K\/2\/F","PCN-1-013\/K\/2\/F","PCN-2-048\/K\/1\/F","PCN-2-047\/N\/1\/F"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is one of the major factors causing degenerative changes in the nervous system and, thus, various neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The underlying cellular mechanism of this phenomenon is not yet fully understood. An accumulation of senescent astrocytes has been shown to contribute to a wide range of pathologies of the nervous system, including neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether cobalamin deficiency triggers astrosenescence. After inducing cobalamin deficiency in normal human astrocytes in vitro, we examined biomarkers of cellular senescence: SA-\u03b2-gal, p16INK4A, and p21Waf1\/Cip1 and performed cell nuclei measurements. The obtained results may contribute to an increase in the knowledge of the cellular effects of cobalamin deficiency in the context of astrocytes. In addition, the presented data suggest a potential causative agent of astrosenescence that has not been proven to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T23:45:00Z","timestamp":1667087100000},"page":"3408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cobalamin Deficiency May Induce Astrosenescence\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Rzepka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiello\u0144ska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Rok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiello\u0144ska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiello\u0144ska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2904-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiello\u0144ska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6918-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Wrze\u015bniok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiello\u0144ska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17040","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.40","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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