{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:54:48Z","timestamp":1792144488486,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation is critical for the normal development and functioning of the human brain, such as the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, synaptic plasticity, neuronal reparation, learning, and memory. Despite the physical stability of DNA and methylated DNA compared to other epigenetic modifications, some DNA methylation-based biomarkers have translated into clinical practice. Increasing reports indicate a strong association between DNA methylation profiles and various clinical outcomes in neurological diseases, making DNA methylation profiles valuable as novel clinical markers. In this review, we aim to discuss the latest evidence concerning DNA methylation alterations in the development of neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric diseases. We also highlighted the relationship of DNA methylation alterations with the disease progression and outcome in many neurological diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T23:26:32Z","timestamp":1667258792000},"page":"3439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["The DNA Methylation in Neurological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-7689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samareh","family":"Younesian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir-Mohammad","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Momeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed H.","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Bashash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.112","article-title":"DNA Methylation and Its Basic Function","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3354","article-title":"DNA methylation: Roles in mammalian development","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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