{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1790670511010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CISI-Lab Project (University of Naples Federico II)"},{"name":"TIMING Project (Regione Campania)"},{"name":"Campania Bioscience (Regione Campania)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites\/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T07:00:42Z","timestamp":1667890842000},"page":"3521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4723-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remo","family":"Poto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shamji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair, Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Marone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy W.","family":"Scadding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilda","family":"Varricchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15376","article-title":"Airway remodelling rather than cellular infiltration characterizes both type2 cytokine biomarker-high and -low severe asthma","volume":"77","author":"Khalfaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.12.765","article-title":"Recent advances in the immunopathogenesis of severe asthma","volume":"149","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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