{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:01:32Z","timestamp":1791050492730,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":380,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03FH8I02IA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03FH8I02IA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13FH8I05IA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13FH8I05IA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INST 874\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 874\/9-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03FH8I02IA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03FH8I02IA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13FH8I05IA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13FH8I05IA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INST 874\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 874\/9-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T04:34:52Z","timestamp":1669264492000},"page":"3753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Janice","family":"H\u00f6rner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Couturier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele Caroline","family":"Gueiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Paran\u00e1, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Hafner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00069","article-title":"Schwann Cell Precursors; Multipotent Glial Cells in Embryonic Nerves","volume":"12","author":"Jessen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13484","article-title":"Peripheral glia diversity","volume":"241","author":"Reed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58591","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58591","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of mouse peripheral nerves to the single-cell level to build a sciatic nerve ATlas (SNAT)","volume":"10","author":"Gerber","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardella-Silva, G., Mietto, B.S., and Ribeiro-Resende, V.T. (2021). Four Seasons for Schwann Cell Biology, Revisiting Key Periods: Development, Homeostasis, Repair, and Aging. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121887"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6452","article-title":"Specialized cutaneous Schwann cells initiate pain sensation","volume":"365","author":"Abdo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002169","article-title":"Demise of nociceptive Schwann cells causes nerve retraction and pain hyperalgesia","volume":"162","author":"Rinwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020503","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020503","article-title":"Perisynaptic Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Synapse: Adaptable, Multitasking Glial Cells","volume":"7","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.075","article-title":"Purinergic-Dependent Glial Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity of Competing Terminals and Synapse Elimination at the Neuromuscular Junction","volume":"25","author":"Darabid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02424-7","article-title":"Immunomodulation by Schwann cells in disease","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20893","article-title":"The immunocompetence of Schwann cells","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270874","article-title":"The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves","volume":"594","author":"Jessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9086","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1453-17.2017","article-title":"After Nerve Injury, Lineage Tracing Shows That Myelin and Remak Schwann Cells Elongate Extensively and Branch to Form Repair Schwann Cells, Which Shorten Radically on Remyelination","volume":"37","author":"Pilch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13606","article-title":"Models and methods to study Schwann cells","volume":"241","author":"Negro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158524","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158524","article-title":"Schwann cell nodal membrane disruption triggers bystander axonal degeneration in a Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome mouse model","volume":"132","author":"McGonigal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9636-7_19","article-title":"Schwann Cell and the Pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease","volume":"1190","author":"Murakami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"597","article-title":"Schwann cells are activated by ATP released from neurons in an in vitro cellular model of Miller Fisher syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Rodella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6637","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0837-3","article-title":"Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Human Schwann Cells as Revealed by Cell-Based Assays and RNA-SEQ","volume":"55","author":"Monje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23793","article-title":"The properties of human Schwann cells: Lessons from in vitro culture and transplantation studies","volume":"68","author":"Monje","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monje, P.V. (2020). Schwann Cell Cultures: Biology, Technology and Therapeutics. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081848"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1431","article-title":"Axon-induced mitogenesis of human Schwann cells involves heregulin and p185erbB2","volume":"92","author":"Morrissey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Powell, R., Phillips, J.B., and Haastert-Talini, K. (2020). Perspective on Schwann Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112497"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.10.040","article-title":"Use of engineered Schwann cells in peripheral neuropathy: Hopes and hazards","volume":"1638","author":"Lehmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-014-9577-1","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cells for Schwann cell engineering","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.06.012","article-title":"Early specification and development of rabbit neural crest cells","volume":"444","author":"Betters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04684","article-title":"Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7","volume":"441","author":"Basch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1746","article-title":"The origin and development of glial cells in peripheral nerves","volume":"6","author":"Jessen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(74)90291-7","article-title":"Experimental analysis of the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts of the autonomic nervous system and of neurectodermal mesenchymal derivatives, using a biological cell marking technique","volume":"41","author":"Teillet","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105445","article-title":"Establishing neural crest identity: A gene regulatory recipe","volume":"142","author":"Bronner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23276","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23276","article-title":"Specification and formation of the neural crest: Perspectives on lineage segregation","volume":"57","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, Y., Hao, H., Reynolds, K., McMahon, M., and Zhou, C.J. (2019). Wnt Signaling in Neural Crest Ontogenesis and Oncogenesis. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101173"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.10.014","article-title":"A spatial and temporal map of FGF\/Erk1\/2 activity and response repertoires in the early chick embryo","volume":"302","author":"Lunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.029017","article-title":"Differential requirements of BMP and Wnt signalling during gastrulation and neurulation define two steps in neural crest induction","volume":"136","author":"Steventon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20891","article-title":"Endogenous bone morphogenetic protein antagonists regulate mammalian neural crest generation and survival","volume":"235","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00878","article-title":"Regulation of Msx genes by a Bmp gradient is essential for neural crest specification","volume":"130","author":"Tribulo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(98)80008-0","article-title":"The inductive properties of mesoderm suggest that the neural crest cells are specified by a BMP gradient","volume":"198","author":"Marchant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"127","author":"Noisa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0756","article-title":"Disruption of segmental neural crest migration and ephrin expression in delta-1 null mice","volume":"249","author":"Ching","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.4.863","article-title":"Bimodal functions of Notch-mediated signaling are involved in neural crest formation during avian ectoderm development","volume":"129","author":"Endo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80860-0","article-title":"Transient Notch Activation Initiates an Irreversible Switch from Neurogenesis to Gliogenesis by Neural Crest Stem Cells","volume":"101","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72723","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72723","article-title":"Completion of neural crest cell production and emigration is regulated by retinoic-acid-dependent inhibition of BMP signaling","volume":"11","author":"Rekler","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201011077","article-title":"FGF and retinoic acid activity gradients control the timing of neural crest cell emigration in the trunk","volume":"194","author":"Quiroga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706623","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.706623","article-title":"Hippo-Yap Pathway Orchestrates Neural Crest Ontogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0383-x","article-title":"YAP promotes neural crest emigration through interactions with BMP and Wnt activities","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23208","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23208","article-title":"The Hippo pathway member YAP enhances human neural crest cell fate and migration","volume":"6","author":"Hindley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"2962","article-title":"Hippo signaling is required for Notch-dependent smooth muscle differentiation of neural crest","volume":"142","author":"Manderfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.03.024","article-title":"The issue of the multipotency of the neural crest cells","volume":"444","author":"Dupin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.07.026","article-title":"The molecular basis of neural crest axial identity","volume":"444","author":"Rothstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00673","article-title":"Dissimilar regulation of cell differentiation in mesencephalic (cranial) and sacral (trunk) neural crest cells in vitro","volume":"130","author":"Abzhanov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdev.2021.203686","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors: Where they come from and where they go","volume":"166","author":"Solovieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev193888","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.193888","article-title":"From head to tail: Regionalization of the neural crest","volume":"147","author":"Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0173","article-title":"Adult tissue-derived neural crest-like stem cells: Sources, regulatory networks, and translational potential","volume":"9","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22852","article-title":"New insights on Schwann cell development","volume":"63","author":"Monk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Douarin, N., and Kalcheim, C. (1999). The Neural Crest, Cambridge University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511897948"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev151704","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.151704","article-title":"Axo-glial interdependence in peripheral nerve development","volume":"146","author":"Fledrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.02.008","article-title":"Schwann cell precursor: A neural crest cell in disguise?","volume":"444","author":"Furlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020487","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020487","article-title":"Schwann Cells: Development and Role in Nerve Repair","volume":"7","author":"Jessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0670","article-title":"Membrane-bound neuregulin1 type III actively promotes Schwann cell differentiation of multipotent Progenitor cells","volume":"246","author":"Leimeroth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.18.3575","article-title":"Isoform-specific expression and function of neuregulin","volume":"124","author":"Meyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90147-7","article-title":"Neu differentiation factor is a neuron-glia signal and regulates survival, proliferation, and maturation of rat schwann cell precursors","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-19-06107.1996","article-title":"Axonal interactions regulate Schwann cell apoptosis in developing peripheral nerve: Neuregulin receptors and the role of neuregulins","volume":"16","author":"Grinspan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9229","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.17.9229","article-title":"Cell death in the Schwann cell lineage and its regulation by neuregulin","volume":"93","author":"Syroid","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108780","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108780","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors represent a neural crest-like state with biased multipotency","volume":"41","author":"Kastriti","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.160196ck","article-title":"Cell fate decisions during neural crest ontogeny","volume":"61","author":"Kalcheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.049","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors from nerve innervation are a cellular origin of melanocytes in skin","volume":"139","author":"Adameyko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.398","article-title":"Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath","volume":"10","author":"Muppirala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01429","article-title":"Neural crest stem cells undergo multilineage differentiation in developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells","volume":"131","author":"Joseph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253281","article-title":"Neurodevelopment. Parasympathetic neurons originate from nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors","volume":"345","author":"Dyachuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253286","article-title":"Neurodevelopment. Parasympathetic ganglia derive from Schwann cell precursors","volume":"345","author":"Outin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9879","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1239-15.2015","article-title":"Neuronal Differentiation in Schwann Cell Lineage Underlies Postnatal Neurogenesis in the Enteric Nervous System","volume":"35","author":"Uesaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal3753","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3753","article-title":"Multipotent peripheral glial cells generate neuroendocrine cells of the adrenal medulla","volume":"357","author":"Furlan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00006","article-title":"Schwann Cell Precursors Generate the Majority of Chromaffin Cells in Zuckerkandl Organ and Some Sympathetic Neurons in Paraganglia","volume":"12","author":"Kastriti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13536","article-title":"Glial origin of mesenchymal stem cells in a tooth model system","volume":"513","author":"Kaukua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15068","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900038116","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors contribute to skeletal formation during embryonic development in mice and zebrafish","volume":"116","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Erickson, A.G., Kameneva, P., and Adameyko, I. The transcriptional portraits of the neural crest at the individual cell level, Semin. Cell Dev. Biol., in press."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23993","article-title":"Spleen glia are a transcriptionally unique glial subtype interposed between immune cells and sympathetic axons","volume":"69","author":"Lucas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45645","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45645","article-title":"Neural Crest Cells Contribute an Astrocyte-like Glial Population to the Spleen","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.008","article-title":"Tridimensional Visualization and Analysis of Early Human Development","volume":"169","author":"Belle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90209-7","article-title":"The schwann cell precursor and its fate: A study of cell death and differentiation during gliogenesis in rat embryonic nerves","volume":"12","author":"Jessen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.11.004","article-title":"Specification, plasticity and evolutionary origin of peripheral glial cells","volume":"47","author":"Kastriti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20309","article-title":"Gene profiling and bioinformatic analysis of Schwann cell embryonic development and myelination","volume":"53","author":"Michalovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4083-03.2004","article-title":"Efficient isolation and gene expression profiling of small numbers of neural crest stem cells and developing Schwann cells","volume":"24","author":"Buchstaller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20390","article-title":"Role of N-cadherin in Schwann cell precursors of growing nerves","volume":"54","author":"Wanner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-10-03847.1999","article-title":"Developing Schwann Cells Acquire the Ability to Survive without Axons by Establishing an Autocrine Circuit Involving Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB","volume":"19","author":"Meier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415572361","article-title":"How Schwann Cells Sort Axons: New Concepts","volume":"22","author":"Feltri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2323","article-title":"Notch controls embryonic Schwann cell differentiation, postnatal myelination and adult plasticity","volume":"12","author":"Woodhoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00968.x","article-title":"Changes in DNA synthesis rate in the Schwann cell lineage in vivo are correlated with the precursor\u2014Schwann cell transition and myelination","volume":"5","author":"Stewart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90157-6","article-title":"Schwann cell proliferation in the postnatal mouse: Timing and topography","volume":"74","author":"Brown","year":"1981","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9770","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0174-16.2016","article-title":"Schwann Cells in Neuromuscular Junction Formation and Maintenance","volume":"36","author":"Barik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199908)27:2<101::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Non-myelin-forming perisynaptic Schwann cells express protein zero and myelin-associated glycoprotein","volume":"27","author":"Georgiou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790130","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.790130","article-title":"The Lamellar Cells of Vertebrate Meissner and Pacinian Corpuscles: Development, Characterization, and Functions","volume":"16","author":"Suazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.09.009","article-title":"Neural-competent cells of adult human dermis belong to the Schwann lineage","volume":"3","author":"Etxaniz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.08.017","article-title":"Neuregulin-1 type III determines the ensheathment fate of axons","volume":"47","author":"Taveggia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.057","article-title":"The adhesion GPCR GPR126 has distinct, domain-dependent functions in Schwann cell development mediated by interaction with laminin-211","volume":"85","author":"Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17976","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1809-13.2013","article-title":"Gpr126 functions in Schwann cells to control differentiation and myelination via G-protein activation","volume":"33","author":"Mogha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.062224","article-title":"Gpr126 is essential for peripheral nerve development and myelination in mammals","volume":"138","author":"Monk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173474","article-title":"A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination","volume":"325","author":"Monk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/371796a0","article-title":"Krox-20 controls myelination in the peripheral nervous system","volume":"371","author":"Topilko","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.093401","article-title":"Analysis of Gpr126 function defines distinct mechanisms controlling the initiation and maturation of myelin","volume":"140","author":"Glenn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095862","article-title":"Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness","volume":"304","author":"Michailov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22625","article-title":"Deletion of GABA-B receptor in Schwann cells regulates remak bundles and small nociceptive C-fibers","volume":"62","author":"Faroni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"68","article-title":"GABA-B receptors in the PNS have a role in Schwann cells differentiation?","volume":"6","author":"Procacci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03368.x","article-title":"GABAB receptors in Schwann cells influence proliferation and myelin protein expression","volume":"19","author":"Magnaghi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00809","article-title":"Novel Glial Cell Functions: Extensive Potency, Stem Cell-Like Properties, and Participation in Regeneration and Transdifferentiation","volume":"8","author":"Milichko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00038","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Schwann Cell Plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Boerboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev170316","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.170316","article-title":"The regulation of the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerve is distinct from the CNS and independent of a stem cell population","volume":"145","author":"Stierli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90643-0","article-title":"Multipotentiality of Schwann cells in cross-anastomosed and grafted myelinated and unmyelinated nerves: Quantitative microscopy and radioautography","volume":"104","author":"Aguayo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"dev186619","article-title":"De novo enteric neurogenesis in post-embryonic zebrafish from Schwann cell precursors rather than resident cell types","volume":"147","author":"Bronner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23766","article-title":"The role of chromatin remodeling complexes in Schwann cell development","volume":"68","author":"Wegner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.08.007","article-title":"Chromatin-remodeling enzymes in control of Schwann cell development, maintenance and plasticity","volume":"47","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9135","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1370-16.2016","article-title":"Epigenomic Regulation of Schwann Cell Reprogramming in Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":"36","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2011-0042","article-title":"Human neural crest stem cells derived from human ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells: Induction, maintenance, and differentiation into functional schwann cells","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-010-9198-2","article-title":"Efficient generation of schwann cells from human embryonic stem cell-derived neurospheres","volume":"7","author":"Ziegler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2008.0362","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of neural crest stem cells derived from in vitro-differentiated human embryonic stem cells","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1365","article-title":"Isolation and directed differentiation of neural crest stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0038","article-title":"Generation of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons and neural crest cells from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Pomp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.11.013","article-title":"Modeling the Pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A Using Patient-Specific iPSCs","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17043-4","article-title":"The Differentiation Stage of Transplanted Stem Cells Modulates Nerve Regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6rner, S.J., Couturier, N., Bruch, R., Koch, P., Hafner, M., and Rudolf, R. (2021). hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123292"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0381-8","article-title":"Comparison of three congruent patient-specific cell types for the modelling of a human genetic Schwann-cell disorder","volume":"3","author":"Mi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.10.011","article-title":"Development of an innervated tissue-engineered skin with human sensory neurons and Schwann cells differentiated from iPS cells","volume":"82","author":"Muller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.04.011","article-title":"Schwann Cell Precursors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Myelin Repair","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkouby, Y.M., and Frank, D. (2010). Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling in Vertebrate Posterior Neural Development, Biota Publishing.","DOI":"10.4199\/C00015ED1V01Y201007DEB004"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4189","article-title":"A morphogen gradient of Wnt\/beta-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus","volume":"128","author":"Kiecker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.02.015","article-title":"Human neural crest induction by temporal modulation of WNT activation","volume":"449","author":"Gomez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.130849","article-title":"WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling mediates human neural crest induction via a pre-neural border intermediate","volume":"143","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.03.025","article-title":"Modeling neural crest induction, melanocyte specification, and disease-related pigmentation defects in hESCs and patient-specific iPSCs","volume":"3","author":"Mica","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.156","article-title":"Directed differentiation of human pluripotent cells to neural crest stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Menendez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2249","article-title":"Combined small-molecule inhibition accelerates developmental timing and converts human pluripotent stem cells into nociceptors","volume":"30","author":"Chambers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113746108","article-title":"Wnt signaling and a Smad pathway blockade direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to multipotent neural crest cells","volume":"108","author":"Menendez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1529","article-title":"Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling","volume":"27","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.01.001","article-title":"Reprogramming Captures the Genetic and Tumorigenic Properties of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Plexiform Neurofibromas","volume":"12","author":"Mazuelas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.05.018","article-title":"The neural border: Induction, specification and maturation of the territory that generates neural crest cells","volume":"444","author":"Pla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.11.027","article-title":"Setting appropriate boundaries: Fate, patterning and competence at the neural plate border","volume":"389","author":"Groves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"119","article-title":"A robust method to derive functional neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"2","author":"Kreitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19727","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19727","article-title":"Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2015_234","article-title":"Methods for Derivation of Multipotent Neural Crest Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"1341","author":"Avery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuta, M., Nakai, Y., Kirino, K., Nakagawa, M., Sekiguchi, K., Nagata, S., Matsumoto, Y., Yamamoto, T., Umeda, K., and Heike, T. (2014). Derivation of mesenchymal stromal cells from pluripotent stem cells through a neural crest lineage using small molecule compounds with defined media. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112291"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1991","article-title":"Multipotent caudal neural progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells that give rise to lineages of the central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"33","author":"Denham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.03.011","article-title":"Human ESC-derived neural crest model reveals a key role for SOX2 in sensory neurogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Cimadamore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.08.008","article-title":"Top-Down Inhibition of BMP Signaling Enables Robust Induction of hPSCs Into Neural Crest in Fully Defined, Xeno-free Conditions","volume":"9","author":"Hackland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1002\/cpsc.98","article-title":"Top-Down Inhibition (TDi) and Baseline Activation (BLa): Controlling Signal Transduction When Endogenous Cytokines are Ruining Your Differentiation","volume":"51","author":"Hackland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.03.070","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural tissue engineering","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.02.018","article-title":"Rostrocaudal patterning and neural crest differentiation of human pre-neural spinal cord progenitors in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev175604","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.175604","article-title":"WNT\/\u03b2-catenin modulates the axial identity of embryonic stem cell-derived human neural crest","volume":"146","author":"Gomez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.015","article-title":"FGF Modulates the Axial Identity of Trunk hPSC-Derived Neural Crest but Not the Cranial-Trunk Decision","volume":"12","author":"Hackland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35786","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35786","article-title":"Human axial progenitors generate trunk neural crest cells in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Frith","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20211152","article-title":"Shaping axial identity during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to neural crest cells","volume":"50","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22744","article-title":"Schwann cell interactions during the development of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"81","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105.2.251","article-title":"Expression of Schwann cell markers by mammalian neural crest cells in vitro","volume":"105","author":"Fawcett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440130104","article-title":"Schwann cell ATP-mediated calcium increases in vitro and in situ are dependent on contact with neurons","volume":"13","author":"Lyons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.109.1.105","article-title":"04 and A007-sulfatide antibodies bind to embryonic Schwann cells prior to the appearance of galactocerebroside; regulation of the antigen by axon-Schwann cell signals and cyclic AMP","volume":"109","author":"Mirsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.102.3.499","article-title":"Axons regulate Schwann cell expression of the major myelin and NGF receptor genes","volume":"102","author":"Lemke","year":"1988","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90393-Q","article-title":"Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest","volume":"71","author":"Stemple","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.12.015","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells into mature Schwann cells","volume":"198","author":"Aquino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990515)56:4<334::AID-JNR2>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Schwann cell development in embryonic mouse nerves","volume":"56","author":"Dong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90150-3","article-title":"Glial growth factor restricts mammalian neural crest stem cells to a glial fate","volume":"77","author":"Shah","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00075.1984","article-title":"Identification and purification of glial growth factor","volume":"4","author":"Lemke","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20753","article-title":"Neuregulin-1, a key axonal signal that drives Schwann cell growth and differentiation","volume":"56","author":"Birchmeier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1038","article-title":"The neuron-glia signal beta-neuregulin promotes Schwann cell motility via the MAPK pathway","volume":"34","author":"Meintanis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.5.1035","article-title":"A dual role of erbB2 in myelination and in expansion of the schwann cell precursor pool","volume":"148","author":"Garratt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04635.2000","article-title":"Axonal Regulation of Schwann Cell Proliferation and Survival and the Initial Events of Myelination Requires PI 3-Kinase Activity","volume":"20","author":"Maurel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.029","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate into a Schwann cell phenotype and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro","volume":"207","author":"Kingham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01814.x","article-title":"Sciatic nerve regeneration in rats induced by transplantation of in vitro differentiated bone-marrow stromal cells","volume":"14","author":"Dezawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20819","article-title":"Non-antagonistic relationship between mitogenic factors and cAMP in adult Schwann cell re-differentiation","volume":"57","author":"Monje","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20091","article-title":"Forskolin increases neuregulin receptors in human Schwann cells without increasing receptor mRNA","volume":"49","author":"Fregien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80586-3","article-title":"Depolarization and cAMP elevation rapidly recruit TrkB to the plasma membrane of CNS neurons","volume":"21","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacallao, K., and Monje, P.V. (2015). Requirement of cAMP signaling for Schwann cell differentiation restricts the onset of myelination. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116948"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15597.x","article-title":"Role of cyclic AMP and proliferation controls in Schwann cell differentiation","volume":"633","author":"Jessen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21144","article-title":"Mouse schwann cells need both NRG1 and cyclic AMP to myelinate","volume":"59","author":"Wanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15015","article-title":"Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro-myelinating genes","volume":"157","author":"Huff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.2.1023","article-title":"Differentiation of axon-related Schwann cells in vitro. I. Ascorbic acid regulates basal lamina assembly and myelin formation","volume":"105","author":"Eldridge","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000368188","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as a source of Schwann cells: Their anticipated use in peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"200","author":"Wakao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181eff6dc","article-title":"Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate into functional Schwann cells that sustain peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"69","author":"Matsuse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328323d74c","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood cell-derived neurospheres differentiate into Schwann-like cells","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.04.009","article-title":"Retinoic acid regulates Schwann cell migration via NEDD9 induction by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms","volume":"1863","author":"Latasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21020","article-title":"Retinoic acid regulates myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system","volume":"58","author":"Latasa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14088","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14088","article-title":"Two factor-based reprogramming of rodent and human fibroblasts into Schwann cells","volume":"8","author":"Mazzara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.4.1353","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factors and fibroblast growth factors are mitogens for rat Schwann cells","volume":"110","author":"Davis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2003.09.006","article-title":"The trunk neural crest and its early glial derivatives: A study of survival responses, developmental schedules and autocrine mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"Woodhoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(200005)30:3<290::AID-GLIA8>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor-BB supports the survival of cultured rat schwann cell precursors in synergy with neurotrophin-3","volume":"30","author":"Lobsiger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1991.Supplement_15.14","article-title":"Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival","volume":"15","author":"Sendtner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9221","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09221.2002","article-title":"Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Enhances Myelin Formation: A Novel Role for CNTF and CNTF-Related Molecules","volume":"22","author":"Stankoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1996.0053","article-title":"Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Enhances the Rate of Oligodendrocyte Generation","volume":"8","author":"Barres","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.1.143","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor promote the generation, maturation and survival of oligodendrocytes in vitro","volume":"120","author":"Mayer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.9.2847","article-title":"The regulation of Krox-20 expression reveals important steps in the control of peripheral glial cell development","volume":"122","author":"Murphy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc16031","article-title":"Impact of Cell Density on Differentiation Efficiency of Rat Adipose-derived Stem Cells into Schwann-like Cells","volume":"9","author":"Najafabadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piovesana, R., Pisano, A., Loreti, S., Ricordy, R., Talora, C., and Tata, A.M. (2022). Notch Signal Mediates the Cross-Interaction between M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Neuregulin\/ErbB Pathway: Effects on Schwann Cell Proliferation. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020239"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23949","article-title":"YAP and TAZ regulate Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation during peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"69","author":"Jeanette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.211172","article-title":"Schwann cell development, maturation and regeneration: A focus on classic and emerging intracellular signaling pathways","volume":"12","author":"Castelnovo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20982","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.20982","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ initiate and maintain Schwann cell myelination","volume":"6","author":"Grove","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4316","article-title":"YAP and TAZ control peripheral myelination and the expression of laminin receptors in Schwann cells","volume":"19","author":"Poitelon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15021","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2015.21","article-title":"Tumor suppressor Nf2\/merlin drives Schwann cell changes following electromagnetic field exposure through Hippo-dependent mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Colciago","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Orkwis, J.A., and Harris, G.M. (2021). Cell Shape and Matrix Stiffness Impact Schwann Cell Plasticity via YAP\/TAZ and Rho GTPases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094821"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00347","article-title":"Influence of Mechanical Stimuli on Schwann Cell Biology","volume":"11","author":"Belin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.033928","article-title":"Laminin is required for Schwann cell morphogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"4609","article-title":"Schwann cell myelination requires integration of laminin activities","volume":"125","author":"McKee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghidinelli, M., Poitelon, Y., Shin, Y.K., Ameroso, D., Williamson, C., Ferri, C., Pellegatta, M., Espino, K., Mogha, A., and Monk, K. (2017). Laminin 211 inhibits protein kinase A in Schwann cells to modulate neuregulin 1 type III-driven myelination. PLoS Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2001408"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1310","article-title":"A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2016.07.009","article-title":"ROCK inhibitor primes human induced pluripotent stem cells to selectively differentiate towards mesendodermal lineage via epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like modulation","volume":"17","author":"Maldonado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00437","article-title":"Inhibition of RhoA-Subfamily GTPases Suppresses Schwann Cell Proliferation Through Regulating AKT Pathway Rather Than ROCK Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0511-9","article-title":"The Differentiation of Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards a Schwann Cell Phenotype: Impact of Sigma-1 Receptor Activation","volume":"55","author":"Saulite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.08.004","article-title":"Directed Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Fate-Committed Schwann Cells","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, N., Park, S., Choi, Y., Park, J.-W., Hong, Y.B., Park, H.H.C., Yu, Y., Kwak, G., Kim, H.S., and Ryu, K.-H. (2016). Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into a Schwann Cell Phenotype and Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111867"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.12.066","article-title":"Glial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: Implications for cell-based transplantation therapy","volume":"236","author":"Tomita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.96067","article-title":"Efficient transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into Schwann-like cells: A promise for treatment of demyelinating diseases","volume":"1","author":"Razavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.212","article-title":"Peripheral nerve regeneration by the in vitro differentiated-human bone marrow stromal cells with Schwann cell property","volume":"359","author":"Shimizu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2017.1304328","article-title":"Efficient generation of functional Schwann cells from adipose-derived stem cells in defined conditions","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2017.05.014","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-secreting mesenchymal stem cells significantly enhance BDNF secretion and Schwann cell marker proteins","volume":"124","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.09.012","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells enhance peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"63","author":"Kingham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.05.005","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived Schwann cells achieve fate commitment\u2014A prerequisite for remyelination therapy","volume":"224","author":"Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283040efc","article-title":"Differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells into Schwann-like cells in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Zhao, C., Xiong, F., Zhou, C., Li, Y., Shan, Y., Peng, F., and Zhang, C. (2008). Neurospheres from rat adipose-derived stem cells could be induced into functional Schwann cell-like cells in vitro. BMC Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-21"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662754","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.662754","article-title":"Between Fate Choice and Self-Renewal-Heterogeneity of Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"9","author":"Knabbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_214","first-page":"319","article-title":"Enrichment and Schwann cell differentiation of neural crest-derived dental pulp stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Apel","year":"2015","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_215","first-page":"3188","article-title":"Human epidermal neural crest stem cells as a source of Schwann cells","volume":"142","author":"Sakaue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.131599","article-title":"miR-21 promotes the differentiation of hair follicle-derived neural crest stem cells into Schwann cells","volume":"9","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-243980","article-title":"Human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into Schwann cells and promote and guide neurite outgrowth in an aligned tissue-engineered collagen construct in vitro","volume":"28","author":"Martens","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20129","article-title":"Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle","volume":"231","author":"Grim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.05.011","article-title":"Direct genesis of functional rodent and human schwann cells from skin mesenchymal precursors","volume":"3","author":"Krause","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"1001","article-title":"The potential of mouse skin-derived precursors to differentiate into mesenchymal and neural lineages and their application to osteogenic induction in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1007-06.2006","article-title":"Skin-derived precursors generate myelinating Schwann cells for the injured and dysmyelinated nervous system","volume":"26","author":"McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0901-778","article-title":"Isolation of multipotent adult stem cells from the dermis of mammalian skin","volume":"3","author":"Toma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg5749","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5749","article-title":"Conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into neural crest cells and functional corneal endothelia by defined small molecules","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01772-x","article-title":"Directly induced human Schwann cell precursors as a valuable source of Schwann cells","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23582","article-title":"Direct conversion of adult human skin fibroblasts into functional Schwann cells that achieve robust recovery of the severed peripheral nerve in rats","volume":"67","author":"Kitada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0122","article-title":"Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Schwann Cells that Facilitate Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerve In Vivo","volume":"6","author":"Sowa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.07.013","article-title":"Generation of multipotent induced neural crest by direct reprogramming of human postnatal fibroblasts with a single transcription factor","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.07.014","article-title":"Chemical conversion of human fibroblasts into functional Schwann cells","volume":"3","author":"Thoma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46140-9","article-title":"Neural crest stem cells from human epidermis of aged donors maintain their multipotency in vitro and in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Koontz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2583","article-title":"Reprogramming Postnatal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Toward Functional Neural Crest Fates","volume":"35","author":"Bajpai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5828","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1037282100","article-title":"Generation of neural crest-derived peripheral neurons and floor plate cells from mouse and primate embryonic stem cells","volume":"100","author":"Mizuseki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.029","article-title":"PA6-induced human embryonic stem cell-derived neurospheres: A new source of human peripheral sensory neurons and neural crest cells","volume":"1230","author":"Pomp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.032","article-title":"Derivation of cranial neural crest-like cells from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"376","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curchoe, C.L., Maurer, J., McKeown, S.J., Cattarossi, G., Cimadamore, F., Nilbratt, M., Snyder, E.Y., Bronner-Fraser, M., and Terskikh, A.V. (2010). Early acquisition of neural crest competence during hESCs neuralization. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013890"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1435-7_7","article-title":"Human neural crest stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"1210","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00039","article-title":"Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Cells for Tissue Regeneration and Disease Modeling","volume":"12","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugiyama-Nakagiri, Y., Fujimura, T., and Moriwaki, S. (2016). Induction of Skin-Derived Precursor Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168451"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110385","article-title":"Modeling iPSC-derived human neurofibroma-like tumors in mice uncovers the heterogeneity of Schwann cells within plexiform neurofibromas","volume":"38","author":"Mazuelas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.056","article-title":"Engraftable neural crest stem cells derived from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20534","article-title":"A mouse embryonic stem cell model of Schwann cell differentiation for studies of the role of neurofibromatosis type 1 in Schwann cell development and tumor formation","volume":"55","author":"Roth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X657710","article-title":"Transplantation of neural crest-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells improves diabetic polyneuropathy in mice","volume":"22","author":"Okawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.154","article-title":"Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres for peripheral nerve repair","volume":"419","author":"Uemura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_243","first-page":"171","article-title":"Fate and contribution of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres transplanted with nerve conduits to promote peripheral nerve regeneration in mice","volume":"32","author":"Yokoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0884-3","article-title":"Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into Schwann cell-like cells through intermittent induction: Potential advantage of cellular transient memory function","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2017.06.011","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of mesenchymal to Schwann cell transdifferentiation","volume":"165","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.02.018","article-title":"Gelatin-based 3D conduits for transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes","volume":"53","author":"Uz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.01.013","article-title":"Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model","volume":"228","author":"Ladak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-007-9064-y","article-title":"Adult rat bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into Schwann cell-like cells in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vitr. Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2005.09.021","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like myelinating cells","volume":"85","author":"Keilhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20421","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells differentiated along a Schwann cell lineage","volume":"54","author":"Caddick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.077","article-title":"Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express glial markers and stimulate nerve regeneration","volume":"362","author":"Tohill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1017-8","article-title":"Schwann cell-like differentiated adipose stem cells promote neurite outgrowth via secreted exosomes and RNA transfer","volume":"9","author":"Ching","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5367","article-title":"Induction of adipose-derived stem cells into Schwann-like cells and observation of Schwann-like cell proliferation","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.53310","article-title":"Different methods for inducing adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into Schwann-like cells","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22652","article-title":"Schwann-like adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue express \u03b3-aminobutyric acid type B receptors","volume":"89","author":"Faroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.09.064","article-title":"Nerve repair with adipose-derived stem cells protects dorsal root ganglia neurons from apoptosis","volume":"199","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21145","article-title":"Anatomical site influences the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells for Schwann-cell phenotype and function","volume":"59","author":"Kaewkhaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.07.031","article-title":"Combined use of decellularized allogeneic artery conduits with autologous transdifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells for facial nerve regeneration in rats","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2009.01.010","article-title":"Characterisation of human mesenchymal stem cells following differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells","volume":"64","author":"Brohlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-020-00329-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton\u2019s Jelly Can Differentiate into Schwann Cell-Like Cells and Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Acellular Nerve Grafts","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2840","article-title":"Differentiation of Schwann-like cells from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.12.013","article-title":"Human umbilical cord Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into a Schwann-cell phenotype and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro","volume":"84","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_263","first-page":"61","article-title":"Exosomes derived from differentiated human ADMSC with the Schwann cell phenotype modulate peripheral nerve-related cellular functions","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.11.042","article-title":"Electrospun conductive nanofiber yarns for accelerating mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and maturation into Schwann cell-like cells under a combination of electrical stimulation and chemical induction","volume":"139","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.01.022","article-title":"Long-term observation of auto-cell transplantation in non-human primate reveals safety and efficiency of bone marrow stromal cell-derived Schwann cells in peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"223","author":"Wakao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.08.006","article-title":"Peripheral glial cell differentiation from neurospheres derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"27","author":"Radtke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.029","article-title":"Derivation of Schwann cell precursors from neural crest cells resident in bone marrow for cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"89","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., Jung, N., Myung, S., Choi, Y., Chung, K.W., Choi, B.-O., and Jung, S.-C. (2018). Differentiation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann-Like Cells Improves Neuromuscular Function in a Mouse Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082393"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7649-2_10","article-title":"Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons for Fate Commitment of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Schwann Cells","volume":"1739","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601087","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601087","article-title":"Electrical Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann-Cell-Like Phenotypes Using Inkjet-Printed Graphene Circuits","volume":"6","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2015.07.006","article-title":"Oriented growth and transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a Schwann cell fate on micropatterned substrates","volume":"121","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.04.034","article-title":"Enhanced differentiation of human neural crest stem cells towards the Schwann cell lineage by aligned electrospun fiber matrix","volume":"9","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coste, C., Neirinckx, V., Sharma, A., Agirman, G., Rogister, B., Foguenne, J., Lallemend, F., Gothot, A., and Wislet, S. (2017). Human bone marrow harbors cells with neural crest-associated characteristics like human adipose and dermis tissues. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177962"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0134","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin","volume":"23","author":"Toma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.525","article-title":"Convergent genesis of an adult neural crest-like dermal stem cell from distinct developmental origins","volume":"28","author":"Jinno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12587","article-title":"Multipotentiality of skin-derived precursors: Application to the regeneration of skin and other tissues","volume":"42","author":"Bergeron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.422","article-title":"Isolation of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and differentiation and enrichment of their Schwann cell progeny","volume":"1","author":"Biernaskie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25813","article-title":"Inter-microcarrier transfer and phenotypic stability of stem cell-derived Schwann cells in stirred suspension bioreactor culture","volume":"113","author":"Shakhbazau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.01.002","article-title":"Skin derived precursor Schwann cells improve behavioral recovery for acute and delayed nerve repair","volume":"254","author":"Khuong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.08.072","article-title":"Supplementation of acellular nerve grafts with skin derived precursor cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"164","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0281","article-title":"A highly enriched niche of precursor cells with neuronal and glial potential within the hair follicle dermal papilla of adult skin","volume":"26","author":"Hunt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9545","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1930-07.2007","article-title":"Skin-derived precursors generate myelinating Schwann cells that promote remyelination and functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Biernaskie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc22008","article-title":"Direct Conversion to Achieve Glial Cell Fates: Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells","volume":"15","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22798","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their subpopulation, pluripotent muse cells, in basic research and regenerative medicine","volume":"297","author":"Kuroda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_285","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Inter- and Intrapopulational Heterogeneity of Characteristic Markers in Adult Human Neural Crest-derived Stem Cells","volume":"18","author":"Knabbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.35","article-title":"Derivation of neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Jin, Y.-Q., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Cheng, J., Wu, W., Qi, Z., and Shen, Z. (2015). Specific marker expression and cell state of Schwann cells during culture in vitro. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123278"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-01005-1","article-title":"Disentangling glial diversity in peripheral nerves at single-nuclei resolution","volume":"25","author":"Yim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_289","unstructured":"Trainor, P.A. (2014). Human Neural Crest Cells and Stem Cell-Based Models. Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.05.012","article-title":"Analysis of early human neural crest development","volume":"344","author":"Betters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, A., Stykel, M.G., Touahri, Y., Stratton, J.A., Biernaskie, J., and Schuurmans, C. (2016). Temporal Analysis of Gene Expression in the Murine Schwann Cell Lineage and the Acutely Injured Postnatal Nerve. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153256"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5212-13.2014","article-title":"HDAC1 and HDAC2 control the specification of neural crest cells into peripheral glia","volume":"34","author":"Jacob","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22346","article-title":"Regulation of Schwann cell differentiation and proliferation by the Pax-3 transcription factor","volume":"60","author":"Doddrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90144-2","article-title":"Pax3: A paired domain gene as a regulator in PNS myelination","volume":"15","author":"Kioussi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake, J.A., and Ziman, M.R. (2013). The characterisation of Pax3 expressant cells in adult peripheral nerve. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059184"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.11.009","article-title":"S100B\u2019s double life: Intracellular regulator and extracellular signal","volume":"1793","author":"Donato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/156652413804486214","article-title":"Functions of S100 proteins","volume":"13","author":"Donato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23262","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors in health and disease","volume":"66","author":"Aquino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.08.005","article-title":"Diversity of developing peripheral glia revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing","volume":"56","author":"Druckenbrod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27257","article-title":"T-box transcription factor 21 is expressed in terminal Schwann cells at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"64","author":"Broberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56935","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56935","article-title":"Specific labeling of synaptic schwann cells reveals unique cellular and molecular features","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.01.011","article-title":"CD44 is expressed in non-myelinating Schwann cells of the adult rat, and may play a role in neurodegeneration-induced glial plasticity at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"34","author":"Gorlewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.10.012","article-title":"Development of 3D culture models of plexiform neurofibroma and initial application for phenotypic characterization and drug screening","volume":"299","author":"Kraniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929593","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.929593","article-title":"Systematic review of the therapeutic use of Schwann cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries: Advancements from animal studies to clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Vallejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26760","article-title":"Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"61","author":"Kubiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopf, A., Schaefer, D.J., Kalbermatten, D.F., Guzman, R., and Madduri, S. (2020). Schwann Cell-Like Cells: Origin and Usability for Repair and Regeneration of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091990"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.253511","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve injury: Decellularized nerve conduits and Schwann cell transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700635","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700635","article-title":"Strategic Design and Fabrication of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Sarker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104953","article-title":"Materials for peripheral nerve repair constructs: Natural proteins or synthetic polymers?","volume":"143","author":"Gregory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27601","article-title":"SDF-1\u03b1 gene-activated collagen scaffold drives functional differentiation of human Schwann cells for wound healing applications","volume":"118","author":"Laiva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580654","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.580654","article-title":"Tissue Engineered Bands of B\u00fcngner for Accelerated Motor and Sensory Axonal Outgrowth","volume":"8","author":"Panzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.055","article-title":"Fabrication, characterization and biocompatibility of collagen\/oxidized regenerated cellulose-Ca composite scaffold for carrying Schwann cells","volume":"119","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.009","article-title":"Engineered neural tissue with aligned, differentiated adipose-derived stem cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration across a critical sized defect in rat sciatic nerve","volume":"37","author":"Georgiou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_314","first-page":"493823","article-title":"Human Schwann cells seeded on a novel collagen-based microstructured nerve guide survive, proliferate, and modify neurite outgrowth","volume":"2014","author":"Krings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_315","first-page":"113","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative for Schwann cells in rat spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Zaminy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.04.003","article-title":"Schwann cell behavior in three-dimensional collagen gels: Evidence for differential mechano-transduction and the influence of TGF-beta 1 in morphological polarization and differentiation","volume":"195","author":"Rosner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.04.040","article-title":"3D bioprinted multiscale composite scaffolds based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)\/chitosan microspheres as a modular bioink for enhancing 3D neurite outgrowth and elongation","volume":"574","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108982","article-title":"Cyclic tensile stimulation enrichment of Schwann cell-laden auxetic hydrogel scaffolds towards peripheral nerve tissue engineering","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36507","article-title":"Fabrication of alignment polycaprolactone scaffolds by combining use of electrospinning and micromolding for regulating Schwann cells behavior","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.12.055","article-title":"The influence of electrospun fibre size on Schwann cell behaviour and axonal outgrowth","volume":"48","author":"Gnavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.03.055","article-title":"Intracellular reactive oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells on carbon nanofibrous substrates","volume":"34","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.06.026","article-title":"Nanoengineered porous chitosan\/CaTiO3 hybrid scaffolds for accelerating Schwann cells growth in peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.05.093","article-title":"Porous chitosan scaffolds with surface micropatterning and inner porosity and their effects on Schwann cells","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.05.063","article-title":"Three dimensional chitosan scaffolds influence the extra cellular matrix expression in Schwann cells","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2016.12.001","article-title":"Bioprinted fibrin-factor XIII-hyaluronate hydrogel scaffolds with encapsulated Schwann cells and their in vitro characterization for use in nerve regeneration","volume":"5","author":"England","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9574-7","article-title":"Differentiation of Human Endometrial Stem Cells into Schwann Cells in Fibrin Hydrogel as 3D Culture","volume":"53","author":"Bayat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.02.014","article-title":"Indirect 3D bioprinting and characterization of alginate scaffolds for potential nerve tissue engineering applications","volume":"93","author":"Naghieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00714","article-title":"Characterization of Cell Damage and Proliferative Ability during and after Bioprinting","volume":"4","author":"Ning","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110530","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of a 3D bioprinted gelatin-sodium alginate\/rat Schwann-cell scaffold","volume":"109","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd9749","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd9749","article-title":"A 3D disease and regeneration model of peripheral nervous system-on-a-chip","volume":"7","author":"Hyung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45407-5","article-title":"Engineering a 3D functional human peripheral nerve in vitro using the Nerve-on-a-Chip platform","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7649-2_20","article-title":"3D Cancer Migration Assay with Schwann Cells","volume":"1739","author":"Fangmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dju184","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju184","article-title":"Investigation of Schwann cells at neoplastic cell sites before the onset of cancer invasion","volume":"106","author":"Demir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37397","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b08510","article-title":"Construction of Biofunctionalized Anisotropic Hydrogel Micropatterns and Their Effect on Schwann Cell Behavior in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.06.011","article-title":"Schwann cells and neurite outgrowth from embryonic dorsal root ganglions are highly mechanosensitive","volume":"13","author":"Rosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.006","article-title":"The influence of substrate stiffness on the behavior and functions of Schwann cells in culture","volume":"33","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21196","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001447R","article-title":"Defining the regenerative effects of native spider silk fibers on primary Schwann cells, sensory neurons, and nerve-associated fibroblasts","volume":"35","author":"Millesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111219","article-title":"Correlating the secondary protein structure of natural spider silk with its guiding properties for Schwann cells","volume":"116","author":"Naghilou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resch, A., Wolf, S., Mann, A., Weiss, T., Stetco, A.-L., and Radtke, C. (2018). Co-Culturing Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells and Schwann Cells on Spider Silk-A New Approach as Prerequisite for Enhanced Nerve Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010071"},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2017.1386835","article-title":"A new electrospun graphene-silk fibroin composite scaffolds for guiding Schwann cells","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB00669A","article-title":"Bioprinting Schwann cell-laden scaffolds from low-viscosity hydrogel compositions","volume":"7","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35014","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aacd30","article-title":"3D bioprinting of scaffolds with living Schwann cells for potential nerve tissue engineering applications","volume":"10","author":"Ning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36393","article-title":"Construction of polyacrylamide\/graphene oxide\/gelatin\/sodium alginate composite hydrogel with bioactivity for promoting Schwann cells growth","volume":"106","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13026","article-title":"Characterisation of cell-substrate interactions between Schwann cells and three-dimensional fibrin hydrogels containing orientated nanofibre topographical cues","volume":"43","author":"Hodde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.03.079","article-title":"Preparation of graphene oxide\/polyacrylamide composite hydrogel and its effect on Schwann cells attachment and proliferation","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2001600","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001600","article-title":"3D Bioprinting of Neural Tissues","volume":"10","author":"Cadena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b00167","article-title":"Printability and Cell Viability in Bioprinting Alginate Dialdehyde-Gelatin Scaffolds","volume":"5","author":"Soltan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-018-1341-9","article-title":"3D bioprinted rat Schwann cell-laden structures with shape flexibility and enhanced nerve growth factor expression","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2016.1170415","article-title":"Influence of mechanical properties of alginate-based substrates on the performance of Schwann cells in culture","volume":"27","author":"Ning","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2014.0006","article-title":"Bioplotting Alginate\/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Scaffolds with Structural Integrity and Preserved Schwann Cell Viability","volume":"1","author":"Rajaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"3D Print. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25009","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab02c9","article-title":"Process- and bio-inspired hydrogels for 3D bioprinting of soft free-standing neural and glial tissues","volume":"11","author":"Haring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podder, A.K., Mohamed, M.A., Tseropoulos, G., Nasiri, B., and Andreadis, S.T. (2022). Engineering Nanofiber Scaffolds with Biomimetic Cues for Differentiation of Skin-Derived Neural Crest-like Stem Cells to Schwann Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810834"},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11060","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27936","article-title":"PCL\/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with human endometrial stem cells\/Schwann cells facilitate axon regeneration in spinal cord injury","volume":"234","author":"Babaloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.-C., Yu, J., Ng, H.-Y., Lee, A.K.-X., Chen, C.-C., Chen, Y.-S., and Shie, M.-Y. (2018). The Physicochemical Properties of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Coated 3D Printed Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) Nerve Conduits for Promoting Schwann Cells Proliferation and Differentiation. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091665"},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56010","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aac77f","article-title":"Aligned fibrous PVDF-TrFE scaffolds with Schwann cells support neurite extension and myelination in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12299","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b00882","article-title":"Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells into Schwann Cells for the Promotion of Neurite Outgrowth on Electrospun Fibers","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.07.061","article-title":"Oriented growth of rat Schwann cells on aligned electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers","volume":"369","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.05.008","article-title":"An aligned 3D neuronal-glial co-culture model for peripheral nerve studies","volume":"33","author":"Daud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.926222","article-title":"Biomaterial-Based Schwann Cell Transplantation and Schwann Cell-Derived Biomaterials for Nerve Regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674473","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.674473","article-title":"Natural Biomaterials as Instructive Engineered Microenvironments That Direct Cellular Function in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36749","article-title":"A biomaterials approach to Schwann cell development in neural tissue engineering","volume":"107","author":"Lotfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-021-00170-y","article-title":"Harnessing 3D collagen hydrogel-directed conversion of human GMSCs into SCP-like cells to generate functionalized nerve conduits","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.2170","article-title":"A fibrin matrix promotes the differentiation of EMSCs isolated from nasal respiratory mucosa to myelinating phenotypical Schwann-like cells","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2431","article-title":"GDNF Schwann cells in hydrogel scaffolds promote regional axon regeneration, remyelination and functional improvement after spinal cord transection in rats","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.SPINE161100","article-title":"Schwann cells and mesenchymal stem cells in laminin- or fibronectin-aligned matrices and regeneration across a critical size defect of 15 mm in the rat sciatic nerve","volume":"28","author":"Heimann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33751","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33751","article-title":"Myelinating glia differentiation is regulated by extracellular matrix elasticity","volume":"6","author":"Urbanski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, S., Prantl, L., Vykoukal, J., Loibl, M., and Felthaus, O. (2016). Differential Effects of Coating Materials on Viability and Migration of Schwann Cells. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9030150"},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.04.008","article-title":"Peptide functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate nanofibrous scaffolds enhance Schwann cells activity","volume":"10","author":"Masaeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2013.10.021","article-title":"Interaction of Schwann cells with laminin encapsulated PLCL core\u2013shell nanofibers for nerve tissue engineering","volume":"50","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1586718","article-title":"Engineered substrates with imprinted cell-like topographies induce direct differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cells","volume":"47","author":"Bonakdar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-022-07336-z","article-title":"Three-dimensional conductive polycaprolactone\/carbon nanotubes scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"57","author":"Pi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2021.107750","article-title":"Optimizing the electrical conductivity of polyacrylonitrile\/polyaniline with nickel nanoparticles for the enhanced electrostimulation of Schwann cells proliferation","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1901570","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901570","article-title":"Electric Conductivity on Aligned Nanofibers Facilitates the Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann Cells and Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerve","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37361","article-title":"Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone\/polypyrrole conducting scaffolds for differentiation of human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes and promotion of neurite outgrowth","volume":"110","author":"Entezari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5108867","article-title":"Mechanical changes of peripheral nerve tissue microenvironment and their structural basis during development","volume":"3","author":"Rosso","year":"2019","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00345","article-title":"Implications of Schwann Cells Biomechanics and Mechanosensitivity for Peripheral Nervous System Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"10","author":"Rosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201500336","article-title":"Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Microgel-Based Scaffolds to Increase 3D Schwann Cell Proliferation","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140247","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0247","article-title":"Three-dimensional traction forces of Schwann cells on compliant substrates","volume":"11","author":"Livi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948454","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.948454","article-title":"The role of mechanobiology on the Schwann cell response: A tissue engineering perspective","volume":"16","author":"Manganas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10257","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10257","article-title":"Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells","volume":"7","author":"Rosso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/23\/3753\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:50Z","timestamp":1760145950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/23\/3753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"references-count":380,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11233753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11233753","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]}}}