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The fate of SSC is determined by genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks. Many molecules that regulate SSC fate determinations have been identified in mice. However, the molecules and signaling pathways underlying human SSCs remain largely unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that MAP4K4 was predominantly expressed in human UCHL1-positive spermatogonia by double immunocytochemical staining. MAP4K4 knockdown inhibited proliferation of human SSCs and induced their apoptosis. Moreover, MAP4K4 silencing led to inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and MAP4K4 phosphorylation at Ser801. RNA sequencing indicated that MAP4K4 affected the transcription of SPARC, ADAM19, GPX7, GNG2, and COLA1. Interestingly, the phenotype of inhibiting JNK phosphorylation by SP600125 was similar to MAP4K4 knockdown. Notably, MAP4K4 protein was lower in the testes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia than those with normal spermatogenesis as shown by Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Considered together, our data implicate that MAP4K4\/JNK signaling pathway mediates proliferation and apoptosis of human SSCs, which provides a novel insight into molecular mechanisms governing human spermatogenesis and might offer new targets for gene therapy of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T06:04:36Z","timestamp":1669615476000},"page":"3807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["MAP4K4\/JNK Signaling Pathway Stimulates Proliferation and Suppresses Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells and Lower Level of MAP4K4 Is Associated with Male Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cailin","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, The Manufacture-Based Learning & Research Demonstration Center for Human Reproductive Health New Technology of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, The Manufacture-Based Learning & Research Demonstration Center for Human Reproductive Health New Technology of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, The Manufacture-Based Learning & Research Demonstration Center for Human Reproductive Health New Technology of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, The Manufacture-Based Learning & Research Demonstration Center for Human Reproductive Health New Technology of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0034","article-title":"A Revised Asingle Model to Explain Stem Cell Dynamics in the Mouse Male Germline","volume":"154","author":"Lord","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001180211","article-title":"Renewal of Spermatogonia in Man","volume":"118","author":"Clermont","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. 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