{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:38:24Z","timestamp":1778661504321,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31871510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871510"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2015CB943300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB943300"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20200201142JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200201142JC"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020J031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J031"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019J013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J013"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["31871510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871510"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["2015CB943300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB943300"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["20200201142JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200201142JC"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["2020J031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J031"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["2019J013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J013"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["31871510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871510"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["2015CB943300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB943300"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["20200201142JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200201142JC"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["2020J031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J031"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["2019J013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Follistatin (FST) as a gonadal protein is central to the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Trophoblasts\u2019 migration and invasion into the endometrium are critical events in placental development. This study aimed to elucidate the role of FST in the migration and invasion of placental trophoblasts of mice. We found that FST increased the vitality and proliferation of primary cultured trophoblasts of embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) mice and promoted wound healing of trophoblasts. Moreover, FST significantly induced migration of trophoblasts in a microfluidic device and increased the number of invasive trophoblasts by Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assay. Being treated with FST, the adhesion of trophoblasts was inhibited, but intracellular calcium flux of trophoblasts was increased. Western blotting results showed that FST had no significant effects on the level of p-Smad3 or the ratio of p-Smad3\/Smad3 in trophoblasts. Interestingly, FST elevated the level of p-JNK; the ratio of p-JNK\/JNK; and expression of migration-related proteins N-cadherin, vimentin, ezrin and MMP2 in trophoblasts. Additionally, the migration of trophoblasts and expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP2 in trophoblasts induced by FST were attenuated by JNK inhibitor AS601245. These findings suggest that the elevated FST in pregnancy may act as a chemokine to induce trophoblast migration and invasion through the enhanced JNK signaling to maintain trophoblast function and promote placental development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"3816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Follistatin Is a Novel Chemoattractant for Migration and Invasion of Placental Trophoblasts of Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linjing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125620","article-title":"Placenta: The forgotten organ","volume":"31","author":"Maltepe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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