{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:45:04Z","timestamp":1789764304233,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"]}]},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["C06RR029965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR029965"]}]},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["R01NS089664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS089664"]}]},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["R01NS100874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS100874"]}]},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["R01NS119301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119301"]}]},{"name":"The Hamill Foundation","award":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"]}]},{"name":"The Hamill Foundation","award":["C06RR029965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR029965"]}]},{"name":"The Hamill Foundation","award":["R01NS089664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS089664"]}]},{"name":"The Hamill Foundation","award":["R01NS100874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS100874"]}]},{"name":"The Hamill Foundation","award":["R01NS119301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119301"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06RR029965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR029965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS089664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS089664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS100874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS100874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS119301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCM IDDRC P50HD103555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06RR029965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR029965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS089664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS089664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS100874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS100874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS119301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tremor is the most common movement disorder. Several drugs reduce tremor severity, but no cures are available. Propranolol, a \u03b2-adrenergic receptor blocker, is the leading treatment for tremor. However, the in vivo circuit mechanisms by which propranolol decreases tremor remain unclear. Here, we test whether propranolol modulates activity in the cerebellum, a key node in the tremor network. We investigated the effects of propranolol in healthy control mice and Car8wdl\/wdl mice, which exhibit pathophysiological tremor and ataxia due to cerebellar dysfunction. Propranolol reduced physiological tremor in control mice and reduced pathophysiological tremor in Car8wdl\/wdl mice to control levels. Open field and footprinting assays showed that propranolol did not correct ataxia in Car8wdl\/wdl mice. In vivo recordings in awake mice revealed that propranolol modulates the spiking activity of control and Car8wdl\/wdl Purkinje cells. Recordings in cerebellar nuclei neurons, the targets of Purkinje cells, also revealed altered activity in propranolol-treated control and Car8wdl\/wdl mice. Next, we tested whether propranolol reduces tremor through \u03b21 and \u03b22 adrenergic receptors. Propranolol did not change tremor amplitude or cerebellar nuclei activity in \u03b21 and \u03b22 null mice or Car8wdl\/wdl mice lacking \u03b21 and \u03b22 receptor function. These data show that propranolol can modulate cerebellar circuit activity through \u03b2-adrenergic receptors and may contribute to tremor therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T02:18:06Z","timestamp":1669947486000},"page":"3889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Propranolol Modulates Cerebellar Circuit Activity and Reduces Tremor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1731-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joy","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meike E.","family":"Van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Salazar Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Miterko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0188-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Kizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross M.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matea","family":"Pave\u0161kovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy V.","family":"Sillitoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.632","article-title":"How Common is Essential Tremor? 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