{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:18:20Z","timestamp":1777396700476,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver diseases are responsible for global mortality and morbidity and are a significant cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the advancement of new liver disease targets is of great interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and long ncRNA (lncRNA), has been proven to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of virtually all acute and chronic liver disorders. Recent studies demonstrated the medical applications of miRNA in various phases of hepatic pathology. PPARs play a major role in regulating many signaling pathways involved in various metabolic disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, encompassing a spectrum spanning from mild steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PPARs were found to be one of the major regulators in the progression of NAFLD. There is no recognized treatment for NAFLD, even though numerous clinical trials are now underway. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its frequency increases as obesity and diabetes become more prevalent. Reprogramming anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs is an effective therapy option for NAFLD and NASH. Several studies have also focused on the role of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The regulatory effects of these ncRNAs make them a primary target for treatments and as early biomarkers. In this study, the main focus will be to understand the regulation of PPARs through ncRNAs and their role in NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11243959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T02:17:57Z","timestamp":1670465877000},"page":"3959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploring the Regulatory Role of ncRNA in NAFLD: A Particular Focus on PPARs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban Goutam","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uddesh Ramesh","family":"Wanjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abilash Valsala","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Katturajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kannampuzha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunraj","family":"Namachivayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaviyarasi","family":"Renu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balachandar","family":"Vellingiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine\/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina Evan","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.09.08","article-title":"Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"5","author":"Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05640.x","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C","volume":"24","author":"Yatsuji","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210791208875","article-title":"Insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"128","article-title":"Non alcoholic fatty liver disease two-hit process: Multifactorial character of the second hit","volume":"13","author":"Paschos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp158","article-title":"Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"103","author":"Dowman","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20973","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From steatosis to cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Farrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2005.10.001","article-title":"Relationship between in vivo chlorzoxazone hydroxylation, hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 content and liver injury in obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients","volume":"34","author":"Orellana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"663","article-title":"The significance of differences in fatty acid metabolism between obese and non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Nakamuta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34275","article-title":"Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: Lessons from genetically engineered mice","volume":"118","author":"Postic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210791208929","article-title":"Editorial [Hot topic: Adipocytokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Key Players Regulating Steatosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis (Executive Editor: Herbert Tilg)]","volume":"16","author":"Tilg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von-Hafe, M., Borges-Canha, M., Vale, C., Leite, A.R., Neves, J.S., Carvalho, D., and Leite-Moreira, A. (2022). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes\u2014A Scoping Review. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12040298"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22063","article-title":"Low circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone in histologically advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"47","author":"Charlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.33","article-title":"Endocrine and liver interaction: The role of endocrine pathways in NASH","volume":"6","author":"Loria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.229","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs as regulators of the endocrine system","volume":"11","author":"Knoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2020: The State of the Disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Yip, T.C.F., Zhang, X., Li, G., Tse, Y.K., Hui, V.W.K., Liang, L.Y., Lai, J.C.T., Chan, S.L., and Chan, H.L.Y. (2022). Age and the relative importance of liver-related deaths in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(22)00708-5"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00635-5","article-title":"Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease in individuals of normal weight","volume":"19","author":"Eslam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The PPAR \u03b1\/\u03b3 Agonist Saroglitazar Improves Insulin Resistance and Steatohepatitis in a Diet Induced Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154203","article-title":"Current and emerging pharmacological options for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"111","author":"Polyzos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154925","article-title":"Insights into the molecular targets and emerging pharmacotherapeutic interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"126","author":"Negi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2021.70105","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Superior Targets for Treating Diabetic Disease, Design Strategies\u2014Review Article","volume":"19","author":"Qaoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monroy-Ramirez, H., Galicia-Moreno, M., Sandoval-Rodriguez, A., Meza-Rios, A., Santos, A., and Armendariz-Borunda, J. (2021). PPARs as Metabolic Sensors and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158298"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00366-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"18","author":"Francque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puengel, T., Liu, H., Guillot, A., Heymann, F., Tacke, F., and Peiseler, M. (2022). Nuclear Receptors Linking Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052668"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange, N.F., Graf, V., Caussy, C., and Dufour, J.-F. (2022). PPAR-Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetic Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084305"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fougerat, A., Montagner, A., Loiseau, N., Guillou, H., and Wahli, W. (2020). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071638"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154338","article-title":"The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in immune responses","volume":"114","author":"Christofides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-00351-w","article-title":"Metabolic regulation by PPAR\u03b3 is required for IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in lung and adipose tissue","volume":"14","author":"Fali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomer, X., Barroso, E., Pizarro-Delgado, J., Pe\u00f1a, L., Botteri, G., Zarei, M., Aguilar, D., Montori-Grau, M., and V\u00e1zquez-Carrera, M. (2018). PPAR \u03b2\/\u03b4: A Key Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030913"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27043","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA in liver diseases","volume":"60","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02225-y","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA lncARSR promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting YAP1 and activating the IRS2\/AKT pathway","volume":"18","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3162","article-title":"MicroRNAs and their targets: Recognition, regulation and an emerging reciprocal relationship","volume":"13","author":"Pasquinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i20.2536","article-title":"microRNAs: Fad or future of liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Lakner","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07754","article-title":"On the road to reading the RNA-interference code","volume":"457","author":"Siomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8437","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14048437","article-title":"Dual Role of MicroRNAs in NAFLD","volume":"14","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/35103511","article-title":"Non\u2013coding RNA genes and the modern RNA world","volume":"2","author":"Eddy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2026858","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA GAS5 contributes to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the microRNA-29a-3p\/NOTCH2 axis","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Nakajima, T., Gonzalez, F.J., and Tanaka, N. (2020). PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062061"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154342","article-title":"Revealing the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b2\/\u03b4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"114","author":"Zarei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.023","article-title":"Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"111","author":"Bellanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166097","article-title":"PPARs in liver physiology","volume":"1867","author":"Berthier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.11.009","article-title":"PPARs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"136","author":"Liss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106843","article-title":"Exposure to a mixture of legacy, alternative, and replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in sex-dependent modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver injury","volume":"157","author":"Roth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116193","article-title":"Discovery of novel modulators for the PPAR\u03b1 (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor \u03b1): Potential therapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2020.03.001","article-title":"Nuclear receptors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, C., Mao, S., Chen, S., Zhang, W., and Liu, C. (2021). PPARs-Orchestrated Metabolic Homeostasis in the Adipose Tissue. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168974"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00261C","article-title":"Muscadine grape seed oil as a novel source of tocotrienols to reduce adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15028","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of PPAR\u03b3 natural agonists in liver diseases","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1046-x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis: From bench to bedside","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Montagner, A., Tan, N.S., and Wahli, W. (2018). Insights into the Role of PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4 in NAFLD. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071893"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07256.x","article-title":"Chronic alcohol-induced hepatic insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorated by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-\u03b4 agonist treatment","volume":"28","author":"Ramirez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.06.012","article-title":"Mouse carnitine\u2013acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is transcriptionally regulated by PPAR\u03b1 and PPAR\u03b4 in liver cells","volume":"1790","author":"Gutgesell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giudetti, A.M., Stanca, E., Siculella, L., Gnoni, G.V., and Damiano, F. (2016). Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Citrate and Carnitine\/Acylcarnitine Transporters: Two Mitochondrial Carriers Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060817"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.07.002","article-title":"PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4 modulates ethanol-induced hepatic effects by decreasing pyridoxal kinase activity","volume":"311","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of PPAR\u03b1 action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Pawlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b21-00486","article-title":"Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b2\/\u03b4 (PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4) for the Treatment or Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"44","author":"Koga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.11.006","article-title":"Adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2860-6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Ipsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3159","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 signaling and metabolism: The good, the bad and the future","volume":"19","author":"Ahmadian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13190","article-title":"A role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"124","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05482","article-title":"Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"444","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1235","article-title":"Troglitazone increases the number of small adipocytes without the change of white adipose tissue mass in obese Zucker rats","volume":"101","author":"Okuno","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.066","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"150","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829","article-title":"Fat and Beyond: The Diverse Biology of PPAR\u03b3","volume":"77","author":"Tontonoz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0384-x","article-title":"Adipogenic changes of hepatocytes in a high-fat diet-induced fatty liver mice model and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients","volume":"48","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(17)30370-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of simtuzumab for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis: Results of two phase 2b, dose-ranging, randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"66","author":"Sanyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2129","article-title":"Up-Regulation of PPAR-\u03b3 mRNA Expression in the Liver of Obese Patients: An Additional Reinforcing Lipogenic Mechanism to SREBP-1c Induction","volume":"96","author":"Pettinelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson, A., Wilhelmsen, D., and DiStefano, J.K. (2018). The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the Development and Progression of Fibrosis Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Non-Coding RNA, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna4030018"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2014.00035","article-title":"Animal Models for Fibrotic Liver Diseases: What We Have, What We Need, and What Is under Development","volume":"3","author":"Delire","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.41.561","article-title":"Mechanisms of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis with combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis","volume":"41","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i2.226","article-title":"Micro RNAs in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Gerhard","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.01.009","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive liver injury in NAFLD and liver fibrosis","volume":"129","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"161","article-title":"The Role of MicroRNAs in Human Diseases","volume":"2","author":"Ardekani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Med Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000230","article-title":"CircularRNA as novel biomarkers in liver diseases","volume":"83","author":"Chien","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med Assoc."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw341","article-title":"A long non-coding RNA, APOA4-AS, regulatesAPOA4expression depending on HuR in mice","volume":"44","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07786-7","article-title":"miR-122 removal in the liver activates imprinted microRNAs and enables more effective microRNA-mediated gene repression","volume":"9","author":"Valdmanis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.07.029","article-title":"Plasma miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b and miR-122 as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"208","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527059","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.527059","article-title":"miRNA Dysregulation in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Related Disorders Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63455","article-title":"MicroRNA-122 plays a critical role in liver homeostasis and hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.01.005","article-title":"miR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting","volume":"3","author":"Esau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12633","article-title":"microRNA-122 regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and vimentin in hepatocytes and correlates with fibrosis in diet-induced steatohepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Csak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, P.P., Rau, M., Schmitt, J., Malsch, C., Hammer, C., Bantel, H., Mullhaupt, B., and Geier, A. (2015). Performance of Serum microRNAs -122, -192 and -21 as Biomarkers in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142661"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308883","article-title":"Liver microRNA-21 is overexpressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and contributes to the disease in experimental models by inhibiting PPAR\u03b1 expression","volume":"65","author":"Loyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-018-0076-z","article-title":"Modulation of liver steatosis by miR-21\/PPAR\u03b1","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cermelli, S., Ruggieri, A., Marrero, J.A., Ioannou, G.N., and Beretta, L. (2011). Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023937"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9844","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i44.9844","article-title":"Disease-specific miR-34a as diagnostic marker of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a Chinese population","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12135","article-title":"Elevated microRNA-34a in obesity reduces NAD+ levels and SIRT1 activity by directly targeting NAMPT","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2016.02.002","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a and Impaired FGF19\/21 Signaling in Obesity","volume":"Volume 101","author":"Litwack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitamins & Hormones"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.008","article-title":"miR-34a\/SIRT1\/p53 is suppressed by ursodeoxycholic acid in the rat liver and activated by disease severity in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12604","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.094524","article-title":"A Pathway Involving Farnesoid X Receptor and Small Heterodimer Partner Positively Regulates Hepatic Sirtuin 1 Levels via MicroRNA-34a Inhibition","volume":"285","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8140","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i46.8140","article-title":"miR-192-5p regulates lipid synthesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through SCD-1","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17361","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28356","article-title":"Identification of 8-miRNAs as biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"234","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306996","article-title":"Circulating microRNA signature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From serum non-coding RNAs to liver histology and disease pathogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Pirola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13097","article-title":"Deregulated hepatic microRNAs underlie the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease","volume":"36","author":"Molina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M004812","article-title":"MicroRNA-370 controls the expression of MicroRNA-122 and Cpt1\u03b1 and affects lipid metabolism","volume":"51","author":"Iliopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33652","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.152090","article-title":"Expression of miR-33 from an SREBP2 Intron Inhibits Cholesterol Export and Fatty Acid Oxidation*","volume":"285","author":"Gerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57275","article-title":"Antagonism of miR-33 in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis","volume":"121","author":"Rayner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.01.004","article-title":"Aerobic endurance training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) features via miR-33 dependent autophagy induction in high fat diet fed mice","volume":"12","author":"Ghareghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404046","article-title":"Long-term therapeutic silencing of miR-33 increases circulating triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice","volume":"6","author":"Goedeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2174\/2211536607666180531093302","article-title":"Serum miR-29a and miR-122 as Potential Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","volume":"7","author":"Jampoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"MicroRNA"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.10.004","article-title":"miR-29a levels are elevated in the db\/db mice liver and its overexpression leads to attenuation of insulin action on PEPCK gene expression in HepG2 cells","volume":"332","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.08.008","article-title":"miR-873-5p targets mitochondrial GNMT-Complex II interface contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Azkargorta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oura, K., Morishita, A., and Masaki, T. (2020). Molecular and Functional Roles of MicroRNAs in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma\u2014A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218362"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"2315","article-title":"Oncomirs miRNA-221\/222 and Tumor Suppressors miRNA-199a\/195 Are Crucial miRNAs in Liver Cancer: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.4.2247","article-title":"Molecular Regulation of Hepatic Fibrosis, an Integrated Cellular Response to Tissue Injury","volume":"275","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114886","article-title":"Extracellular matrix gene expression increases preferentially in rat lipocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells during hepatic fibrosis in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Maher","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2013.03.014","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 activates hepatic stellate cells via PTEN\/Akt signaling","volume":"67","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00049","article-title":"microRNA are Central Players in Anti- and Profibrotic Gene Regulation during Liver Fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Noetel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"112","article-title":"Effect of TGF-\u03b2\/smad signaling pathway blocking on expression profiles of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a, and miR-199a of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)","volume":"10","author":"Davoodian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, M., Kim, M.-B., and Lee, J.-Y. (2022). Astaxanthin Attenuates the Changes in the Expression of MicroRNAs Involved in the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050962"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00656-8","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates inflammasome activation via epigenetic suppression of Nrf2 in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"151","article-title":"Comprehensive Review of Cadmium Toxicity Mechanisms in Male Reproduction and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"258","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.09.001","article-title":"Altered expression of MALAT1 lncRNA in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fibrosis regulates CXCL5 in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"190","author":"Leti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, J., Deng, Y.-Y., Liu, H.-X., and Pu, Y. (2022). LncRNA MALAT1 Promotes PPAR\u03b1\/CD36-Mediated Hepatic Lipogenesis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating miR-206\/ARNT Axis. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 858558.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.858558"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000477113","article-title":"Exposure to Cadmium Impairs Sperm Functions by Reducing CatSper in Mice","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.12.009","article-title":"Hotair facilitates hepatic stellate cells activation and fibrogenesis in the liver","volume":"1863","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00279","article-title":"Regulatory Non-coding RNAs Network in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"10","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negishi, M., Wongpalee, S., Sarkar, S., Park, J., Lee, K.Y., Shibata, Y., Reon, B.J., Abounader, R., Suzuki, Y., and Sugano, S. (2014). A New lncRNA, APTR, Associates with and Represses the CDKN1A\/p21 Promoter by Recruiting Polycomb Proteins. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095216"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13729","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13729","article-title":"Effect of miR-34a in regulating steatosis by targeting PPAR\u03b1 expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorairaj, V., Sulaiman, S.A., Abu, N., and Murad, N.A.A. (2021). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010015"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8822859","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers","volume":"2020","author":"Khalifa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14167","article-title":"Serum coding and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity","volume":"39","author":"Scamporrino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2022.230277","article-title":"The Expression Level of Long Non-Coding RNA PVT1 as a Diagnostic Marker for Advanced Stages in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"87","author":"Rashad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240925","article-title":"A Long Noncoding RNA Mediates Both Activation and Repression of Immune Response Genes","volume":"341","author":"Carpenter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-279166","article-title":"LincRNA-Cox2 modulates TNF-\u03b1-induced transcription of Il12b gene in intestinal epithelial cells through regulation of Mi-2\/NuRD-mediated epigenetic histone modifications","volume":"30","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S116319","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by regulating hnRNP A2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"10","author":"Mang","year":"2017","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"1191","article-title":"NEAT1 accelerates the progression of liver fibrosis via regulation of microRNA-122 and Kruppel-like factor 6","volume":"95","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"2593","article-title":"The correlation between lncRNA NEAT1 and serum hepcidin in the peripheral blood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14629","article-title":"LncRNA NEAT1: Shedding light on mechanisms and opportunities in liver diseases","volume":"40","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26317","article-title":"Down-regulation of lncRNA-NEAT1 alleviated the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via mTOR\/S6K1 signaling pathway","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00702-15","article-title":"MicroRNA 140 Promotes Expression of Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 in Adipogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Gernapudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35531","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35531","article-title":"LncRNA SRA promotes hepatic steatosis through repressing the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098119","article-title":"Ultraconserved Elements in the Human Genome","volume":"304","author":"Bejerano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03072-8","article-title":"Ultraconserved element uc.372 drives hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing miR-195\/miR4668 maturation","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95802","article-title":"Hippo-mediated suppression of IRS2\/AKT signaling prevents hepatic steatosis and liver cancer","volume":"128","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R052753","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-IV: A protein intimately involved in metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14818","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 induces hepatic steatosis through activating MLXIPL and mTORC1 networks in hepatocytes","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7435","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26589","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA H19 mediates LCoR to impact the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mBMSCs in mice through sponging miR-188","volume":"233","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158042","article-title":"Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis by the Transcription Factor XBP1","volume":"320","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs, M., and Sanyal, A.J. Lipotoxicity in NASH. J. Hepatol., 2012, (56), 291\u2013293.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.05.019"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30910-3","article-title":"RIPK1 depletion exacerbates progression of liver fibrosis in high fat diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice","volume":"68","author":"Farooq","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alakunle, E., Moens, U., Nchinda, G., and Okeke, M. (2020). Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111257"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2617-7","article-title":"The lncRNA RUNX1-IT1 regulates C-FOS transcription by interacting with RUNX1 in the process of pancreatic cancer proliferation, migration and invasion","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, S., Rawal, P., Siddiqui, H., Rohilla, S., Sharma, S., Tripathi, D.M., Baweja, S., Hassan, M., Vlaic, S., and Guthke, R. (2019). Increased Expression of RUNX1 in Liver Correlates with NASH Activity Score in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101277"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-019-0085-2","article-title":"miR-122 promotes hepatic lipogenesis via inhibiting the LKB1\/AMPK pathway by targeting Sirt1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101244","article-title":"Hepatocyte miR-34a is a key regulator in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"869","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-192 causes hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation by inducing SREBF1: Novel mechanism for bisphenol A-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1862","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.05.124","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA APTR promotes the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the progression of liver fibrosis","volume":"463","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62886","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11709","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA PVT1 activates hepatic stellate cells through competitively binding microRNA-152","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100584","article-title":"Silencing lncRNA NEAT1 reduces nonalcoholic fatty liver fat deposition by regulating the miR-139-5p\/c-Jun\/SREBP-1c pathway","volume":"27","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Tang, T., Wang, G.-D., and Liu, B. (2019). LncRNA-H19 promotes hepatic lipogenesis by directly regulating miR-130a\/PPAR\u03b3 axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biosci. Rep., 39.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181722"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993","article-title":"Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges","volume":"495","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","article-title":"Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency","volume":"495","author":"Memczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.30828","article-title":"Emerging roles of circRNA in formation and progression of cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66455","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12186","article-title":"CircRNA expression pattern and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v9.i16.715","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An expanded review","volume":"9","author":"Benedict","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3960197","article-title":"circRNA_0046367 Prevents Hepatoxicity of Lipid Peroxidation: An Inhibitory Role against Hepatic Steatosis","volume":"2017","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D109","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr988","article-title":"KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets","volume":"40","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.08.015","article-title":"Enhancement in liver SREBP-1c\/PPAR-\u03b1 ratio and steatosis in obese patients: Correlations with insulin resistance and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion","volume":"1792","author":"Pettinelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i3.323","article-title":"circRNA_0046366 inhibits hepatocellular steatosis by normalization of PPAR signaling","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1159\/000366394","article-title":"Aberrant Hepatic MicroRNA Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.113","article-title":"Difference in expression of hepatic microRNAs miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-155, and miR-200b is associated with strain-specific susceptibility to dietary nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"90","author":"Pogribny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.05.021","article-title":"Associations between circulating microRNAs (miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122 and miR-451) and non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"424","author":"Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvoza, N.C., Klinzing, D.C., Gopez-Cervantes, J., and Baclig, M.O. (2016). Association of Circulating Serum miR-34a and miR-122 with Dyslipidemia among Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153497"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D68","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1181","article-title":"miRBase: Annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data","volume":"42","author":"Kozomara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W169","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm415","article-title":"DAVID Bioinformatics Resources: Expanded annotation database and novel algorithms to better extract biology from large gene lists","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"1","article-title":"Circular RNA Profiling and Bioinformatic Modeling Identify Its Regulatory Role in Hepatic Steatosis","volume":"2017","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10268","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"106","author":"Lehman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000","article-title":"The Coactivator PGC-1 Cooperates with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b1 in Transcriptional Control of Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzymes","volume":"20","author":"Vega","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"G38","article-title":"Ethanol administration exacerbates the abnormalities in hepatic lipid oxidation in genetically obese mice","volume":"304","author":"Everitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.034","article-title":"mTOR Complex 1 Regulates Lipin 1 Localization to Control the SREBP Pathway","volume":"146","author":"Peterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06706-11","article-title":"NF-E2-Related Factor 1 (Nrf1) Serves as a Novel Regulator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through Regulation of the Lipin1 and PGC-1 \u03b2 Genes","volume":"32","author":"Hirotsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Gropler, M.C., Mitra, M.S., and Finck, B.N. (2012). Complex Interplay between the Lipin 1 and the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 \u03b1 (HNF4\u03b1) Pathways to Regulate Liver Lipid Metabolism. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051320"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Guo, J., Chen, Y., Chang, C., and Xu, C. (2017). Comprehensive CircRNA expression profile and selection of key CircRNAs during priming phase of rat liver regeneration. BMC Genom., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3476-6"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.909737","article-title":"Identification of potentially functional CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrated microarray analysis","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.01.030","article-title":"MicroRNA silencing and the development of novel therapies for liver disease","volume":"57","author":"Szabo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22569","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with altered hepatic MicroRNA expression","volume":"48","author":"Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2293-7","article-title":"Antagonizing circRNA_002581-miR-122-CPEB1 axis alleviates NASH through restoring PTEN-AMPK-mTOR pathway regulated autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Emerging molecular targets and therapeutic strategies","volume":"15","author":"Musso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1159\/000495556","article-title":"Thymosin-\u03b24 Mediates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Interfering with CircRNA-0067835\/miR-155\/FoxO3 Signaling Pathway","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.07.004","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides induce Smad2 phosphorylation through PI3K\/Akt and MAPK cascades in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells","volume":"184","author":"Kao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8519","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i38.8519","article-title":"Embryonic liver fordin is involved in glucose glycolysis of hepatic stellate cell by regulating PI3K\/Akt signaling","volume":"22","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.07.078","article-title":"Microarray profiling of circular RNAs and the potential regulatory role of hsa_circ_0071410 in the activated human hepatic stellate cell induced by irradiation","volume":"629","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.052","article-title":"Preliminary screening and functional analysis of circular RNAs associated with hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"677","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36202","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.498634","article-title":"MicroRNA-22 Is a Master Regulator of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7\/6 Homeostasis in the Kidney","volume":"288","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3074","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human disease","volume":"12","author":"Esteller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300144","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disease","volume":"33","author":"Goedeke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3313","article-title":"MicroRNAs in metabolism and metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Rottiers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.02.006","article-title":"Evolution and Functions of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"136","author":"Ponting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of Noncoding RNA in Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"2019","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589994","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.589994","article-title":"Repression of MicroRNA-124-3p Alleviates High-Fat Diet\u2013Induced Hepatosteatosis by Targeting Pref-1","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00079","article-title":"Pref-1, a Gatekeeper of Adipogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Hudak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2009.00661.x","article-title":"\u03b3-secretase inhibitor induces adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells by regulation of Notch and PPAR-\u03b3","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.11.028","article-title":"MicroRNA-124 Regulates Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26714","article-title":"Hepatic carboxylesterase 1 is essential for both normal and farnesoid X receptor-controlled lipid homeostasis","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0473-y","article-title":"PPAR\u03b1 Is Regulated by miR-21 and miR-27b in Human Liver","volume":"28","author":"Kida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117738442","article-title":"Interrelationship of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways in chronic metabolic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Ackers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"2201","article-title":"Role and mechanisms of action of microRNA-21 as regards the regulation of the WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04303","article-title":"Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with \u2018antagomirs\u2019","volume":"438","author":"Rajewsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.06.028","article-title":"Caloric Restriction Induces MicroRNAs to Improve Mitochondrial Proteostasis","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.08.013","article-title":"Metabolic Circuit Involving Free Fatty Acids, microRNA 122, and Triglyceride Synthesis in Liver and Muscle Tissues","volume":"153","author":"Chai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.59588","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BinMowyna, M.N., AlFaris, N.A., Al-Sanea, E.A., AlTamimi, J.Z., and Aldayel, T.S. (2022). Resveratrol attenuates against high-fat-diet-promoted non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats mainly by targeting the miR-34a\/SIRT1 axis. Arch. Physiol. Biochem., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2022.2046106"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.047","article-title":"Co-delivery of small molecule hedgehog inhibitor and miRNA for treating liver fibrosis","volume":"76","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2792","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.10","article-title":"MiR-130a-3p attenuates activation and induces apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells in nonalcoholic fibrosing steatohepatitis by directly targeting TGFBR1 and TGFBR2","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.08.012","article-title":"MicroRNA-130a and -130b enhance activation of hepatic stellate cells by suppressing PPAR\u03b3 expression: A rat fibrosis model study","volume":"465","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1689","article-title":"A Novel Function of MicroRNA 130a-3p in Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Steatosis","volume":"63","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S62831","article-title":"Molecular pathways in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Auguet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.035","article-title":"The pro-inflammatory effects of miR-155 promote liver fibrosis and alcohol-induced steatohepatitis","volume":"64","author":"Bala","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0503","article-title":"Adipocyte Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells Is Modulated by MicroRNA-155, MicroRNA-221, and MicroRNA-222","volume":"21","author":"Noordhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Huang, H., Xu, C., Yu, C., and Li, Y. (2017). Long Non-Coding RNA Profiling in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rodent Model: New Insight into Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010021"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.10.005","article-title":"PER2 Controls Lipid Metabolism by Direct Regulation of PPAR\u03b3","volume":"12","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs381","article-title":"Epigenetic activation of the MiR-200 family contributes to H19-mediated metastasis suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2021.198405","article-title":"The identify role and molecular mechanism of the MALAT1\/hsa-mir-20b-5p\/TXNIP axis in liver inflammation caused by CHB in patients with chronic HBV infection complicated with NAFLD","volume":"298","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1184","article-title":"Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 as a common molecular driver in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic immune-mediated liver damage","volume":"2","author":"Sookoian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.03.011","article-title":"circRNA Profiling Reveals an Abundant circFUT10 that Promotes Adipocyte Proliferation and Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Sponging let-7","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Han, Y., Zhai, Y., Ma, X., An, X., Zhang, S., and Li, Z. (2020). Integrative analysis of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs profiles to reveal ceRNAs networks in chicken intramuscular and abdominal adipogenesis. BMC Genom., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-07000-3"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3410","article-title":"Obesity-associated Inflammation Induces microRNA-155 Expression in Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue: Outcome on Adipocyte Function","volume":"101","author":"Karkeni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/164140","article-title":"Coordinated Regulation of PPAR Expression and Activity through Control of Chromatin Structure in Adipogenesis and Obesity","volume":"2012","author":"Eeckhoute","year":"2012","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perron, U., Provero, P., and Molineris, I. (2017). In silico prediction of lncRNA function using tissue specific and evolutionary conserved expression. BMC Bioinform., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1535-x"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14570-y","article-title":"The RBM14\/CoAA-interacting, long intergenic non-coding RNA Paral1 regulates adipogenesis and coactivates the nuclear receptor PPAR\u03b3","volume":"7","author":"Firmin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33375","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101517200","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of RRM-containing Coactivator Activator (CoAA) as TRBP-interacting Protein, and Its Splice Variant as a Coactivator Modulator (CoAM)","volume":"276","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073734","article-title":"Coordinate Regulation of Transcription and Splicing by Steroid Receptor Coregulators","volume":"298","author":"Auboeuf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrales, P., Vidal-Puig, A., and Medina-G\u00f3mez, G. (2018). PPARs and Metabolic Disorders Associated with Challenged Adipose Tissue Plasticity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072124"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3779","article-title":"Cellular uptake and trafficking of antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"35","author":"Crooke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3765","article-title":"The chemical evolution of oligonucleotide therapies of clinical utility","volume":"35","author":"Khvorova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S97635","article-title":"Eteplirsen in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"ume11","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4508","article-title":"Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide drug for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"20","author":"Corey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna6030034","article-title":"Long Non-Coding RNAs in Liver Cancer and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"6","author":"Uchida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Non-Coding RNA"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.117","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs as drug targets","volume":"16","author":"Matsui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/24\/3959\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:03Z","timestamp":1760146563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/24\/3959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":232,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11243959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11243959","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]}}}