{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:50:55Z","timestamp":1789015855642,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["675003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["675003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["634821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["634821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigenetic clocks were initially developed to track chronological age, but accumulating evidence indicates that they can also predict biological age. They are usually based on the analysis of DNA methylation by genome-wide methods, but targeted approaches, based on the assessment of a small number of CpG sites, are advisable in several settings. In this study, we developed a targeted epigenetic clock purposely optimized for the measurement of biological age. The clock includes six genomic regions mapping in ELOVL2, NHLRC1, AIM2, EDARADD, SIRT7 and TFAP2E genes, selected from a re-analysis of existing microarray data, whose DNA methylation is measured by EpiTYPER assay. In healthy subjects (n = 278), epigenetic age calculated using the targeted clock was highly correlated with chronological age (Spearman correlation = 0.89). Most importantly, and in agreement with previous results from genome-wide clocks, epigenetic age was significantly higher and lower than expected in models of increased (persons with Down syndrome, n = 62) and decreased (centenarians, n = 106; centenarians\u2019 offspring, n = 143; nutritional intervention in elderly, n = 233) biological age, respectively. These results support the potential of our targeted epigenetic clock as a new marker of biological age and open its evaluation in large cohorts to further promote the assessment of biological age in healthcare practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T05:27:23Z","timestamp":1670995643000},"page":"4044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Targeted Epigenetic Clock for the Prediction of Biological Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Gensous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Andr\u00e9), 33077 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"UMR\/CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pirazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ravaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Milazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna Malgorzata","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Marasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personal Genomics S.R.L., Via Roveggia, 43\/B, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center, \u201cAlma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Capri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center, \u201cAlma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Salvioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center, \u201cAlma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gastone","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria 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