{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:39:01Z","timestamp":1787236741399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3L141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1H0512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMRPD1M0421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMRPD1M0421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["CMRPG3L141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L141"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["CMRPD1H0512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0512"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["EMRPD1M0421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMRPD1M0421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alterations in lipid composition and disturbed lipoprotein metabolism are involved in the pathomechanism of Huntington\u2019s disease (HD). Here, we measured 112 lipoprotein subfractions and components in the plasma of 20 normal controls, 24 symptomatic (sympHD) and 9 presymptomatic (preHD) HD patients. Significant changes were found in 30 lipoprotein subfractions and components in all HD patients. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (CH), apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoB-particle number (PN), and components of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower in preHD and sympHD patients. Components of LDL4, LDL5, LDL6 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)4 demonstrated lower levels in preHD and sympHD patients compared with controls. Components in LDL3 displayed lower levels in sympHD compared with the controls, whereas components in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)5 were higher in sympHD patients compared to the controls. The levels of components in HDL4 and VLDL5 demonstrated correlation with the scores of motor assessment, independence scale or functional capacity of Unified Huntington\u2019s Disease Rating Scale. These findings indicate the potential of components of VLDL5, LDL3, LDL4, LDL5 and HDL4 to serve as the biomarkers for HD diagnosis and disease progression, and demonstrate substantial evidence of the involvement of lipids and apolipoproteins in HD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1674444401000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Alternations of Lipoprotein Profiles in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Hsuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Ling","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Jen","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ming","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih-Ru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0769-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiung-Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes","volume":"72","author":"MacDonald","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.03.004","article-title":"Transcriptional signatures in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Cha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. 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