{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:30:47Z","timestamp":1775017847987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["EXC 62\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 62\/1"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["EXC 62\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 62\/3"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["HE 3658\/6-1 & 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 3658\/6-1 & 2"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["SFB1366\/1-A6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1366\/1-A6"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["SFB1366\/1-A3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1366\/1-A3"]}]},{"name":"German Cardiac Society","award":["EXC 62\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 62\/1"]}]},{"name":"German Cardiac Society","award":["EXC 62\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 62\/3"]}]},{"name":"German Cardiac Society","award":["HE 3658\/6-1 & 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 3658\/6-1 & 2"]}]},{"name":"German Cardiac Society","award":["SFB1366\/1-A6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1366\/1-A6"]}]},{"name":"German Cardiac Society","award":["SFB1366\/1-A3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1366\/1-A3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major health problem worldwide. CTRP9, a secreted glycoprotein, is mainly expressed in cardiac endothelial cells and becomes downregulated in mouse models of diabetes mellitus; (2) Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of CTRP9 on early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by 12 weeks of high-fat diet; (3) Results: While the lack of CTRP9 in knock-out mice aggravated insulin resistance and triggered diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, AAV9-mediated cardiac CTRP9 overexpression ameliorated cardiomyopathy under these conditions. At this early disease state upon high-fat diet, no fibrosis, no oxidative damage and no lipid deposition were identified in the myocardium of any of the experimental groups. Mechanistically, we found that CTRP9 is required for insulin-dependent signaling, cardiac glucose uptake in vivo and oxidative energy production in cardiomyocytes. Extensive RNA sequencing from myocardial tissue of CTRP9-overexpressing and knock-out as well as respective control mice revealed that CTRP9 acts as an anti-inflammatory mediator in the myocardium. Hence, CTRP9 knock-out exerted more, while CTRP9-overexpressing mice showed less leukocytes accumulation in the heart during high-fat diet; (4) Conclusions: In summary, endothelial-derived CTRP9 plays a prominent paracrine role to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and might constitute a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:56:48Z","timestamp":1675065408000},"page":"443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["C1q and Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Protein 9 Protects from Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Alleviating Cardiac Insulin Resistance and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Haustein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix A.","family":"Trogisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9809-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Hille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Fuhrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Weinzierl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shruthi","family":"Hemanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Thackeray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2937-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanliang","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Zwadlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natali","family":"Froese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9341-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Bauersachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4814-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gergana","family":"Dobreva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK, Partner Site Heidelberg\/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1541-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joerg","family":"Heineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK, Partner Site Heidelberg\/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653789","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/653789","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease: An update","volume":"2013","author":"Matheus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7","article-title":"Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: The Framingham study","volume":"34","author":"Kannel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311586","article-title":"Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Update of Mechanisms Contributing to This Clinical Entity","volume":"122","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-013-9255-7","article-title":"Metabolic function of the CTRP family of hormones","volume":"15","author":"Seldin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309398","article-title":"C1q-TNF-Related Protein-9 Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure","volume":"120","author":"Appari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"241","article-title":"Identification and characterization of CTRP9, a novel secreted glycoprotein, from adipose tissue that reduces serum glucose in mice and forms heterotrimers with adiponectin","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E779","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00593.2013","article-title":"Targeted deletion of C1q\/TNF-related protein 9 increases food intake, decreases insulin sensitivity, and promotes hepatic steatosis in mice","volume":"306","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R522","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00110.2013","article-title":"CTRP9 transgenic mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"305","author":"Peterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18965","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.357939","article-title":"CTRP9 protein protects against myocardial injury following ischemia-reperfusion through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism","volume":"287","author":"Kambara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01518-14","article-title":"C1q\/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein 9 Protects against Acute Myocardial Injury through an Adiponectin Receptor I-AMPK-Dependent Mechanism","volume":"35","author":"Kambara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000010","article-title":"C1q\/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9, a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, attenuates adverse remodeling in the ischemic mouse heart via protein kinase A activation","volume":"128","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-012-0315-z","article-title":"Inhibition of CTRP9, a novel and cardiac-abundantly expressed cell survival molecule, by TNFalpha-initiated oxidative signaling contributes to exacerbated cardiac injury in diabetic mice","volume":"108","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Aslam, M., Siegler, B.H., Niemann, B., and Rohrbach, S. (2021). Comparative Analysis of CTRP-Mediated Effects on Cardiomyocyte Glucose Metabolism: Cross Talk between AMPK and Akt Signaling Pathway. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040905"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10018","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810018","article-title":"TIP30 counteracts cardiac hypertrophy and failure by inhibiting translational elongation","volume":"11","author":"Grund","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27634-5","article-title":"Skeletal muscle derived Musclin protects the heart during pathological overload","volume":"13","author":"Szaroszyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1765","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00559.2011","article-title":"New approaches in small animal echocardiography: Imaging the sounds of silence","volume":"301","author":"Ram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93098","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93098","article-title":"Insulin supplementation attenuates cancer-induced cardiomyopathy and slows tumor disease progression","volume":"2","author":"Thackeray","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.160820","article-title":"Impact of Image-Derived Input Function and Fit Time Intervals on Patlak Quantification of Myocardial Glucose Uptake in Mice","volume":"56","author":"Thackeray","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012","article-title":"Methods in cardiomyocyte isolation, culture, and gene transfer","volume":"51","author":"Louch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60329","article-title":"Metabolic stress-induced activation of FoxO1 triggers diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"122","author":"Battiprolu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu174","article-title":"Rapid and highly efficient inducible cardiac gene knockout in adult mice using AAV-mediated expression of Cre recombinase","volume":"104","author":"Werfel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-018-0711-0","article-title":"Of mice and men: Models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"114","author":"Riehle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315913","article-title":"Basic Mechanisms of Diabetic Heart Disease","volume":"126","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14982","article-title":"CTRP9 knockout exaggerates lipotoxicity in cardiac myocytes and high-fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting the LKB1\/AMPK pathway","volume":"24","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1059","article-title":"An integrative translational approach to study heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A position paper from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"20","author":"Lourenco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.029","article-title":"A Cardiac MicroRNA Governs Systemic Energy Homeostasis by Regulation of MED13","volume":"149","author":"Grueter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.10.1345","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides: A new lipolytic pathway in human adipocytes","volume":"14","author":"Sengenes","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037216","article-title":"Glucose-Sensitive Myokine\/Cardiokine MG53 Regulates Systemic Insulin Response and Metabolic Homeostasis","volume":"139","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000448357","article-title":"Fatty Acid Oxidation and Its Relation with Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders","volume":"68","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2979","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00084.2005","article-title":"Influence of substrate supply on cardiac efficiency, as measured by pressure-volume analysis in ex vivo mouse hearts","volume":"288","author":"How","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593862","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.593862","article-title":"Impact of PCSK9 on CTRP9-Induced Metabolic Effects in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes","volume":"12","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0481","article-title":"Mitochondrial energetics in the heart in obesity-related diabetes: Direct evidence for increased uncoupled respiration and activation of uncoupling proteins","volume":"56","author":"Boudina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/415096a","article-title":"Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins","volume":"415","author":"Echtay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-012-0307-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of lipotoxicity in the cardiovascular system","volume":"14","author":"Wende","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029733","article-title":"Inhibition of Endothelial Notch Signaling Impairs Fatty Acid Transport and Leads to Metabolic and Vascular Remodeling of the Adult Heart","volume":"137","author":"Jabs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35372","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.507426","article-title":"Reactivation of fetal splicing programs in diabetic hearts is mediated by protein kinase C signaling","volume":"288","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.002","article-title":"Dysregulation of RBFOX2 Is an Early Event in Cardiac Pathogenesis of Diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Nutter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01547","article-title":"The Role of Leukocytes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Bajpai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.09.015","article-title":"The heterogenic properties of monocytes\/macrophages and neutrophils in inflammatory response in diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901995R","article-title":"Targeting exosome-associated human antigen R attenuates fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic heart","volume":"34","author":"Govindappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1361","article-title":"Nutrient stress activates inflammation and reduces glucose metabolism by suppressing AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart","volume":"58","author":"Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931066","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.931066","article-title":"Identification and verification of immune-related biomarkers and immune infiltration in diabetic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7715","article-title":"CD4 T cells play major effector role and CD8 T cells initiating role in spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis of HLA-DQ8 transgenic IAb knockout nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"176","author":"Hayward","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992653","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.992653","article-title":"CD4(+) T-lymphocytes exhibit biphasic kinetics post-myocardial infarction","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1662","article-title":"Cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin converting enzyme inhibition in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"56","author":"Westermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-007-0673-0","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism protects from myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"102","author":"Westermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10573","article-title":"C1q\/TNF-related protein 9 decreases cardiomyocyte hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, P.Y., Walder, K., Horlock, D., Williams, D., Nelson, E., Byrne, M., Jandeleit-Dahm, K., Zimmet, P., and Kaye, D.M. (2015). CXCR4 Antagonism Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Cardiac Fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133616"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1366","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00111.2012","article-title":"Macrophages modulate cardiac function in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy","volume":"303","author":"Schilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"32","article-title":"The Protective Effect of HIF-1alpha in T Lymphocytes on Cardiac Damage in Diabetic Mice","volume":"46","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.07.027","article-title":"Depletion of T lymphocytes ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"39","author":"Abdullah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/3\/443\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:19:06Z","timestamp":1760120346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/3\/443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12030443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12030443","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]}}}