{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:39:46Z","timestamp":1789162786712,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL15139701A1, ES032506 and HL133067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL15139701A1, ES032506 and HL133067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) for which there are no effective treatments. Lung transplantation is the only viable option for patients with end-stage PF but is only available to a minority of patients. Lung lesions in ILDs, including IPF, are characterized by alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence and apoptosis and accumulation of activated myofibroblasts and\/or fibrotic lung (fL) fibroblasts (fLfs). These composite populations of fLfs show a high rate of basal proliferation, resist apoptosis and senescence, and have increased migration and invasiveness. They also more readily deposit ECM proteins. These features eventuate in progressive destruction of alveolar architecture and loss of lung function in patients with PF. The identification of new, safer, and more effective therapy is therefore mandatory for patients with IPF or related ILDs. We found that increased caveolin-1 and tumor suppressor protein, p53 expression, and apoptosis in AECs occur prior to and then with the proliferation of fLfs in fibrotic lungs. AECs with elevated p53 typically undergo apoptosis. fLfs alternatively demonstrate strikingly low basal levels of caveolin-1 and p53, while mouse double minute 2 homolog (mdm2) levels and mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 protein are markedly increased. The disparities in the expression of p53 in injured AECs and fLfs appear to be due to increased basal expression of caveolin-1 in apoptotic AECs with a relative paucity of caveolin-1 and increased mdm2 in fLfs. Therefore, targeting caveolin-1 using a caveolin 1 scaffolding domain peptide, CSP7, represents a new and promising approach for patients with IPF, perhaps other forms of progressive ILD or even other forms of organ injury characterized by fibrotic repair. The mechanisms of action differ in the injured AECs and in fLfs, in which differential signaling enables the preservation of AEC viability with concurrent limitation of fLf expansion and collagen secretion. The findings in three models of PF indicate that lung scarring can be nearly abrogated by airway delivery of the peptide. Phase 1 clinical trial testing of this approach in healthy volunteers has been successfully completed; Phase 1b in IPF patients is soon to be initiated and, if successful, will be followed by phase 2 testing in short order. Apart from the treatment of IPF, this intervention may be applicable to other forms of tissue injury characterized by fibrotic repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T02:32:07Z","timestamp":1675909927000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Caveolin-1-Related Intervention for Fibrotic Lung Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sreerama","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4389-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Idell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2572","article-title":"Long-term course and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the new millennium","volume":"140","author":"Nathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00601-y","article-title":"The effects and safety of pirfenidone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Zang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugino, K., Ono, H., Watanabe, N., Ando, M., Tsuboi, E., Homma, S., and Kishi, K. (2021). Efficacy of early antifibrotic treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm. Med., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01595-3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01695-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who are elderly or have comorbidities","volume":"22","author":"Glaspole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000782","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000782","article-title":"Real-world retrospective observational study exploring the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1921143","article-title":"An updated safety review of the drug treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Sgalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Saf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30554-3","article-title":"Pirfenidone in patients with progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (RELIEF): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"9","author":"Behr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743977","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.743977","article-title":"Management of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases (PULMONARY FIBROSIS-ILD)","volume":"8","author":"Copeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30036-9","article-title":"Nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases-subgroup analyses by interstitial lung disease diagnosis in the INBUILD trial: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial","volume":"8","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2021.1931119","article-title":"Emerging drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: 2020 phase II clinical trials","volume":"26","author":"Sgalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1782885","article-title":"Shedding light on developmental drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egea-Zorilla, A., Vera, L., Saez, B., and Pardo-Saganta, A. (2022). Promises and challenges of cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162595"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963054","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.963054","article-title":"Research progress in the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and drug development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat2848","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat2848","article-title":"Caveolin-1-derived peptide limits development of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Marudamuthu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2022, March 22). Announces-Successful-Completion-of-Phase-1A-Clinical-Trial-of-LTI-03-in-Healthy-Volunteers. Available online: https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20220322005536\/en\/Lung-Therapeutics."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L843","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00295.2007","article-title":"Antifibrotic properties of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain in vitro and in vivo","volume":"294","author":"Tourkina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00170.2010","article-title":"Caveolin-1: A critical regulator of lung injury","volume":"300","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.10.022","article-title":"Caveolin-1 deficiency induces spontaneous endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in murine pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro","volume":"182","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061536","article-title":"Caveolin-1: A critical regulator of lung fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"203","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1343","article-title":"Bleomycin induces caveolin-1 and -2 expression in epithelial lung cancer A549 cells","volume":"27","author":"Linge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0390OC","article-title":"Regulation of airway and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis by p53-Induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during cigarette smoke exposure injury","volume":"47","author":"Shetty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L463","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00099.2011","article-title":"Regulation of alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis by coordinate expression of components of the fibrinolytic system","volume":"302","author":"Bhandary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.03.022","article-title":"Regulation of alveolar epithelial injury and lung fibrosis by p53-mediated changes in urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1","volume":"183","author":"Bhandary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.027","article-title":"Role of the urokinase-fibrinolytic system in epithelial mesenchymal transition during lung injury","volume":"185","author":"Marudamuthu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.01.007","article-title":"Role of p53-fibrinolytic system cross-talk in the regulation of quartz-induced lung injury","volume":"283","author":"Bhandary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, D.P., Dart, C., and Rigden, D.J. (2012). Evaluating caveolin interactions: Do proteins interact with the caveolin scaffolding domain through a widespread aromatic residue-rich motif?. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044879"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23368","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002020200","article-title":"Caveolin-1 expression inhibits Wnt\/beta-catenin\/Lef-1 signaling by recruiting beta-catenin to caveolae membrane domains","volume":"275","author":"Galbiati","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0323OC","article-title":"Deletion of caveolin-1 protects against oxidative lung injury via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Resp. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-108423","article-title":"Aveolin-1 regulates the secretion and cytoprotection of Cyr61 in hyperoxic cell death","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.07.005","article-title":"p53 expression in lung fibroblasts is linked to mitigation of fibrotic lung remodeling","volume":"188","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23791","article-title":"Decreased expression of caveolin 1 in patients with systemic sclerosis: Crucial role in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis","volume":"58","author":"Sotgia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2013.03.005","article-title":"Role of caveolin-1 in fibrotic diseases","volume":"32","author":"Gvaramia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matrix Biol. J. Int. Soc. Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6727","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008340200","article-title":"Caveolin-1 regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta\/SMAD signaling through an interaction with the TGF-beta type I receptor","volume":"276","author":"Razani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.121","article-title":"Expression of Caveolin-1 reduces cellular responses to TGF-beta1 through down-regulating the expression of TGF-beta type II receptor gene in NIH3T3 fibroblast cells","volume":"359","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L841","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00073.2008","article-title":"Caveolin-1 stops profibrogenic signaling?","volume":"294","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhandary, Y.P., Shetty, S.K., Marudamuthu, A.S., Midde, K.K., Ji, H.-L., Shams, H., Subramaniam, R., Fu, J., Idell, S., and Shetty, S. (2015). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cigarette smoke exposure and influenza A virus infection-induced lung injury. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123187"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.117580","article-title":"Caveolin-1 regulates leucocyte behaviour in fibrotic lung disease","volume":"69","author":"Tourkina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28133","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413190200","article-title":"Induction of p53 by urokinase in lung epithelial cells","volume":"280","author":"Shetty","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0406OC","article-title":"Urokinase expression by tumor suppressor protein p53: A novel role in mRNA turnover","volume":"39","author":"Shetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19570","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M710268200","article-title":"Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by tumor suppressor protein p53","volume":"283","author":"Shetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.12.020","article-title":"p53 and microRNA-34a feedback promotes lung epithelial injury and remodeling","volume":"187","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L783","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00291.2016","article-title":"Induction of p53 and downstream changes by loss of surfactant protein-C expression in alveolar epithelial cells during lung injury","volume":"312","author":"Puthusseri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104022","article-title":"Caveolin-1 peptide regulates p53-microRNA-34a feedback in fibrotic lung fibroblasts","volume":"25","author":"Hogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137969","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137969","article-title":"Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide regulates glucose metabolism in lung fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Gopu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"PA1299","article-title":"Caveolin-1 derived peptide LTI-03 promotes epithelial cell survival and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eu. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L967","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90349.2008","article-title":"The Fibrinolytic System and the Regulation of Lung Epithelial Cell Proteolysis, Signaling and Cellular Viability","volume":"295","author":"Shetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210878","article-title":"Novel mediators of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"136","author":"Saito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0342TR","article-title":"Fighting the Fiber: Targeting Collagen in Lung Fibrosis","volume":"66","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korfei, M., Mahavadi, P., and Guenther, A. (2022). Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Future Therapeutic Option. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11101626"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Adams, T.S., Hu, Q., Shin, H.J., Chae, G., Lee, S.E., Sharma, L., Kwon, H.K., Lee, F.Y., and Park, H.J. (2022). VISTA (PD-1H) Is a Crucial Immune Regulator to Limit Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0219OC"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104304","article-title":"A lung targeted miR-29 mimic as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"85","author":"Chioccioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20220126","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220126","article-title":"HER2 drives lung fibrosis by activating a metastatic cancer signature in invasive lung fibroblasts","volume":"219","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000519495","article-title":"Pirfenidone Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis through Inhibiting miR-21","volume":"146","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10175-w","article-title":"Pirfenidone as a novel cardiac protective treatment","volume":"27","author":"Aimo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14961","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14961","article-title":"Comparison of pirfenidone and corticosteroid treatments at the COVID-19 pneumonia with the guide of artificial intelligence supported thoracic computed tomography","volume":"75","author":"Acat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.11.024","article-title":"Effects of pirfenidone in acute and sub-chronic liver fibrosis, and an initiation-promotion cancer model in the mouse","volume":"339","author":"Seniutkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg9241","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg9241","article-title":"The anti-fibrotic drug pirfenidone inhibits liver fibrosis by targeting the small oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-1","volume":"7","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190249","article-title":"Application of nintedanib and other potential anti-fibrotic agents in fibrotic diseases","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.6.21","article-title":"Characterization of a novel caveolin modulator that reduces vascular permeability and ocular inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Bernatchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581732","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.581732","article-title":"Caveolae as potential Hijackable Gates in cell communication","volume":"8","author":"Dudau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Develop. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3915","article-title":"Caveolae and signaling in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1618118","article-title":"Deletion of caveolin- scaffolding domain alters cancer cell migration","volume":"18","author":"Okada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40104","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16676","article-title":"Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptides enhance anti-inflammatory effect of heme oxygenase-1 through interrupting its interact with caveolin-1","volume":"8","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reese, C.F., Chinnakkannu, P., Tourkina, E., Hoffman, S., and Kuppuswamy, D. (2022). Multiple subregions within the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain inhibit fibrosis, microvascular leakage, and monocyte migration. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264413"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab342","article-title":"Caveolin-1 alleviates Crohn\u2019s disease-induced intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast autophagy through modulating sequestosome 1","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, C.R., Guan, Q., Ma, Y., Qing, G., Bernstein, C.N., Warrington, R.J., and Peng, Z. (2015). The Potential Protective Role of Caveolin-1 in Intestinal Inflammation in TNBS-Induced Murine Colitis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119004"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinnakkannu, P., Reese, C., Gaspar, J.A., Panneerselvam, S., Pleasant-Jenkins, D., Mukherjee, R., Baicu, C., Tourkina, E., Hoffman, S., and Kuppuswamy, D. (2018). Suppression of angiotensin II-induced pathological changes in heart and kidney by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207844"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.153","article-title":"Reversal of maladaptive fibrosis and compromised ventricular function in the pressure overloaded heart by a caveolin-1 surrogate peptide","volume":"97","author":"Reese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., and Sun, Q. (2018). Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide alleviate liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-b1\/Smad signaling in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061729"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L99","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00111.2018","article-title":"Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide prevents hyperoxia-induced airway remodeling in a neonatal mouse model","volume":"317","author":"Vogel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12021","article-title":"Loss of Caveolin-1 from Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Monocytes in Human Subjects with Asthma","volume":"67","author":"Bains","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634709","article-title":"Short-term administration of a cell-permeable caveolin-1 peptide prevents the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"114","author":"Jasmin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202203-0618OC","article-title":"Targeted Genome Sequencing Identifies Multiple Rare Variants in Caveolin-1 Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","volume":"206","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Resp. Respir. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288ra79","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5094","article-title":"The alphavbeta1 integrin plays a critical in vivo role in tissue fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050585","article-title":"Pharmacologic Blockade of alphavbeta1 Integrin Ameliorates Renal Failure and Fibrosis In Vivo","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/4\/554\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:47Z","timestamp":1760120867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/4\/554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12040554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12040554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}}}