{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:48:57Z","timestamp":1784357337987,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT)","award":["181931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["181931"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The TBX20 gene has a key role during cardiogenesis, and it has been related to epigenetic mechanisms in congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between DNA methylation status and congenital septal defects. The DNA methylation of seven CpG sites in the TBX20 gene promoter was analyzed through pyrosequencing as a quantitative method in 48 patients with congenital septal defects and 104 individuals with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The average methylation was higher in patients than in PDA (p &lt; 0.001). High methylation levels were associated with a higher risk of congenital septal defects (OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 1.57\u201313.44, p = 0.005). The ROC curve analysis indicated that methylation of the TBX20 gene could be considered a risk marker for congenital septal defects (AUC = 0.682; 95% CI = 0.58\u20130.77; p &lt; 0.001). The analysis of environmental risk factors in patients with septal defects and PDA showed an association between the consumption of vitamins (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.01\u20130.98; p = 0.048) and maternal infections (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.26\u20137.60; p = 0.013). These results suggest that differences in DNA methylation of the TBX20 gene can be associated with septal defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T04:32:58Z","timestamp":1676262778000},"page":"586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epigenetic Evaluation of the TBX20 Gene and Environmental Risk Factors in Mexican Paediatric Patients with Congenital Septal Defects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Esbeidy","family":"Garc\u00eda-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Colmenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cardiolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Marusa","family":"Borgonio-Cuadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hemodin\u00e1mica e Intervenci\u00f3n en Cardiopat\u00edas Cong\u00e9nitas, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hemodin\u00e1mica e Intervenci\u00f3n en Cardiopat\u00edas Cong\u00e9nitas, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benny Giovanni","family":"Cazar\u00edn-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Miranda-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Gamboa-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y de la Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nonanzit","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0086-9","article-title":"The deployment of cell lineages that form the mammalian heart","volume":"15","author":"Meilhac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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